Ya'an
30°00′36″N 103°02′29″E / 30.0100°N 103.0415°E
Ya'an
雅安市 | |
|---|---|
 Ya'an, 2008 | |
 Location of Ya'an City jurisdiction in Sichuan | |
| Coordinates (Ya'an Bureau of Civil Affairs (雅安市民政局)): 29°58′44″N 103°01′01″E / 29.979°N 103.017°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Sichuan |
| Municipal seat | Yucheng District |
| Area | |
| • Total | 15,213.28 km2 (5,873.88 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 580 m (1,900 ft) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
| • Total | 1,434,603 |
| • Density | 94/km2 (240/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Total | CN¥ 50.3 billion US$ 8.1 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 32,524 US$ 5,222 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 625000 |
| Area code | 0835 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SC-18 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 川T |
| Website | www |
Ya'an (Chinese: 雅安; pinyin: Yǎ'ān; Wade–Giles: Ya-an) is a prefecture-level city in the western part of Sichuan province, China, located just below the Tibetan Plateau. The city is home to Sichuan Agricultural University, the only 211 Project university and the largest regional comprehensive university in Ya'an. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Ya'an has a population of 1,434,603.[1]
History
[edit]
Previously known as Yazhou-fu, the city is first mentioned during the Zhou dynasty (1122–255 BCE). It served as a county seat during the Qin and Han dynasties, but was subsequently taken by nomadic tribes. After being reintegrated into the Chinese Empire in the late 5th century, it was made the seat of the Ya Prefecture in 604. The modern Ya'an county was established in 1912. It became the provincial capital of Xikang province in 1951, but has been a municipality under the administration of Sichuan province since 1955, when Xikang province was merged and became a part of Sichuan province.
The first giant panda was found in Baoxing County of Ya'an; Ya'an is also the origin of artificial planting tea of the world; Mengding Mountain in Mingshan County, has been keeping seven tea trees, which are believed to be the origins of tea, for more than 1,000 years.
"The busy little town [of Yaan] was full of life, for its market is the only trading centre for the Chinese and Tibetans from Kangting. Accompanied by two coolies, I crossed the long suspension bridge which oscillates alarmingly over the Ya Ho. I got separated from my coolies in the dense crowd which swarmed along the main street, but in the end found them, and my luggage, at the Catholic mission, where two venerable fathers welcomed me with the flowery courtesy of mandarins...
Yaan is the main market for a special kind of tea which is grown in this part of the country and exported in very large quantities to Tibet via Kangting and over the caravan routes through Batang (Paan) and Teko. Although the Chinese regard it as an inferior product, it is greatly esteemed by the Tibetans for its powerful flavor, which harmonizes particularly well with that of yak butter and salt which Tibetans often mix with their tea. Brick tea comprises not only what we call tea leaves, but also the coarser leaves and some of the twigs of the shrub, as well as the leaves and fruit of other plants and trees (the alder, for instance). This amalgam is steamed, weighed, and compressed into hard bricks, which are packed up in coarse matting in subunits of four. These rectangular parcels weigh between twenty-two and twenty-six pounds—the quality of the tea makes a slight difference to the weight—and are carried to Kangting by coolies. A long string of them, moving slowly under their monstrous burdens of tea, was a familiar sight along the road I followed."[4]
— André Migot, Tibetan Marches (1955). Translated by Peter Fleming
Panda tea is also a local speciality.
On April 20, 2013, the city was hit by a major earthquake, causing numerous casualties and heavy damage to housing and infrastructure.
Geography
[edit]
Ya'an is located at the western edge of the Sichuan Basin and on the upper reaches of the Yangtze, covering the transition between the Chengdu Plain and the Tibetan Plateau. Its latitude ranges from 28° 51′ 10″ — 30° 56′ 40″ N and its longitude from 101° 56′ 26″—103° 23′ 28″ E. Neighbouring prefectures are, starting from the northeast and moving counter-clockwise, Chengdu (NE), Meishan (E), Leshan (SE), Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (S), Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (W), and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (N). With an area of 15,300 square kilometres (5,910 sq mi) and a population of 1,530,000, [5] The city is encircled by mountains, and four rivers flow through it.
Its distance to Chengdu is 140 kilometres (87 mi).[6]
Climate
[edit]Ya'an has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and is largely mild and humid. The presence of the mountains to the northwest greatly affects the city's climate. In the short winters, they help shield the city from cold Siberian winds. January averages 6.3 °C (43.3 °F), and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are hot and humid, with highs often reaching 30 °C (86 °F), yet extended heat waves are rare; the daily average in July and August is around 25 °C (77 °F). Rainfall is common year-round, though in winter it tends to be light, and is particularly heavy in summer, when warm, humid southerly or southeasterly winds blow against the mountains, causing orographic lift to occur, enhancing rainfall. With nearly 1,700 millimetres (67 in) of rainfall occurring on 213 days per year, Ya'an is also known as the "Rain City".[7] In addition, rain often falls at night, so fog is not a common occurrence.
| Climate data for Ya'an, elevation 628 m (2,060 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
33.2 (91.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
34.9 (94.8) |
35.2 (95.4) |
35.4 (95.7) |
34.9 (94.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
35.4 (95.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.5 (83.3) |
30.4 (86.7) |
30.1 (86.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
20.8 (69.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
7.9 (46.2) |
16.7 (62.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
22.2 (72.0) |
19.1 (66.4) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.7 (51.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.6 (61.9) |
12.9 (55.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 19.9 (0.78) |
30.3 (1.19) |
53.0 (2.09) |
94.6 (3.72) |
137.6 (5.42) |
177.2 (6.98) |
348.5 (13.72) |
442.9 (17.44) |
176.7 (6.96) |
98.4 (3.87) |
47.7 (1.88) |
22.4 (0.88) |
1,649.2 (64.93) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.9 | 14.2 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 17.7 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 18.6 | 20.2 | 21.1 | 15.6 | 13.7 | 207.4 |
| Average snowy days | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 5.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 78 | 75 | 73 | 72 | 75 | 78 | 79 | 82 | 84 | 82 | 81 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 42.9 | 46.9 | 76.2 | 101.9 | 102.2 | 93.4 | 118.1 | 125.6 | 58.3 | 42.2 | 47.4 | 46.2 | 901.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 13 | 15 | 20 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 28 | 31 | 16 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 20 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
Administrative subdivisions
[edit]| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2020)[11] | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| Yucheng District | 雨城区 | Yǔchéng Qū | 368,909 | 1,060 | 348 |
| Mingshan District | 名山区 | Míngshān Qū | 254,632 | 614 | 415 |
| Yingjing County | 荥经县 | Yíngjīng Xiàn | 131,491 | 1,781 | 74 |
| Hanyuan County | 汉源县 | Hànyuán Xiàn | 285,558 | 2,349 | 122 |
| Shimian County | 石棉县 | Shímián Xiàn | 114,116 | 2,678 | 43 |
| Tianquan County | 天全县 | Tiānquán Xiàn | 132,033 | 2,394 | 55 |
| Lushan County | 芦山县 | Lúshān Xiàn | 99,824 | 1,364 | 73 |
| Baoxing County | 宝兴县 | Bǎoxīng Xiàn | 48,040 | 3,114 | 15 |
Tourism and culture
[edit]
Tourism forms an important parts of the economy of Ya'an.[12] The city is home to the Bifengxia Panda Base.[13] The first panda specimen known to the western world was from Ya'an discovered by the Lazarist missionary Armand David.[14]
The city is also famous for Ya fish, which is used in local cuisine.[15] Ya'an is also the production base of Tibetan brick tea.[16]
Transport
[edit]- China National Highway 318
- G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway
- G4218 Yaye Expressway
- G93 Chengyu Ring Expressway
- Sichuan–Tibet railway Chengdu-Ya'an section
- Ya'an railway station on the Sichuan–Tibet railway
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b 四川省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号） [Seventh National Census of Sichuan Province Report (Number Two)] (in Chinese). Sichuan Provincial Bureau of Statistics. 2021-05-26. Archived from the original on 2021-09-14. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
- ^ 四川省统计局、国家统计局四川调查总队 (2016). 《四川统计年鉴－2016》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-7871-1.
- ^ Chinese steles: pre-Buddhist and Buddhist use of a symbolic form, p. 209
- ^ Migot, André (1955). Tibetan Marches. Translated by Peter Fleming. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., U.S.A., pp. 59-60.
- ^ (in Chinese) Profile of Ya'an, official website of Ya'an Government, visited on May 12, 2008.
- ^ Ng, Teddy (2013-04-22). "Yaan, city of tea and pandas and historic gateway to Tibet and beyond". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
- ^ 雅安城市介绍 (in Simplified Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ 雅安 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Simplified Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
- ^ "雅安市第七次全国人口普查公报 （第二号） - 雅安市人民政府" [the Seventh National Population Census Bulletin of Ya'an City(No. 2)]. www.yaan.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-02-02.
- ^ Hung, Jason C.; Yen, Neil Y.; Chang, Jia-Wei (2020-02-25). Frontier Computing: Theory, Technologies and Applications (FC 2019). Springer Nature. ISBN 978-981-15-3250-4.
- ^ "Ya'an Bifengxia Panda Base | Ya'an, China Attractions". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
- ^ 郭凯. "Panda lovers find paradise on expressway to Ya'an". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
- ^ "The unique fish in Ya'an, Sichuan is known as the three must-sees in Ya'an: Yayu".
- ^ MacIntyre, John; Zhao, Jinghua; Ma, Xiaomeng (2021). The 2020 International Conference on Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics for IoT Security and Privacy: SPIoT-2020, Volume 1. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-62743-0.
References
[edit]- Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., 2005
- Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2011). China's Ancient Tea Horse Road. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B005DQV7Q2
External links
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