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540s

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หะะพฟ่างภีๆพั

The 540s decade ranถ ไม่ร/ะพระกะ from January 1, 540, to December 31, ไม่พุไม่549. พ

Events

540

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Persia
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  • King Khosrau I breaks the "Eternal Peace" treaty with the Byzantine Empire after eight years. Responding to an embassy from the Ostrogoths urging action against Emperor Justinian I's expanding power, he leads the Persian army up the River Euphrates. Extracting tributes from towns along the way, Khosrau I besieges and captures Antioch. He plunders the city extensively, transporting valuable artworks, including marble statues and mosaics, back to Persia. [2]
Africa
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Asia
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By topic

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Religion
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World
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541

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Persia
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Asia
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By topic

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Religion
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542

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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By topic

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Religion
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Literature
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543

By place

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Europe
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Africa
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Persia
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Asia
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By topic

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Learning
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Religion
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544

By place

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the Mediterranean World, Europe, and the Middle East
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Asia
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  • February – Lý Bí is declared emperor and establishes the empire Van Xuân (modern Vietnam). His armies repel attacks from the kingdom of Champa.
  • October – The Liang dynasty retaliates against Van Xuân, and sends an imperial army (120,000 men) under Chen Baxian to re-occupy the region.

By topic

[edit]
Religion
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545

By place

[edit]
Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Asia
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Persia
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By topic

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Religion
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546

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Central America
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By topic

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Religion
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547

By place

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Europe
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Britain
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Africa
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Asia
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By topic

[edit]
Religion
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548

By place

[edit]
Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Persia
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  • Lazic War: King Gubazes II revolts against the Persians, and requests aid from Justinian I. He sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (8,000 men) to Lazica (modern Georgia).
  • Gubazes II besieges the fortress of Petra, located on the Black Sea. The Persian army under Mermeroes defeats a small Byzantine force guarding the mountain passes, and relieves Petra.
  • Mermeroes stations a garrison of 3,000 men in the stronghold of Petra, and marches to Armenia. The Persians, lacking sufficient supplies, secure the supply routes and plunder Lazica.
Africa
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Asia
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By topic

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Commerce
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Religion
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549

By place

[edit]
Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Persia
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Asia
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By topic

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Religion
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หะะพฟ่ค

Significant people

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Births

540

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Deaths

540

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543

544

545

546

547

548

549

References

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  1. ^ Herwig Wolfram, History of the Goths (University of California Press), 1990
  2. ^ Rome at War (p. 56). Michael Whitby, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-359-4
  3. ^ Graham, Alexander (2002) [1902]. Roman Africa. North Stratford, New Hampshire: Ayer Publishing, Incorporated. ISBN 0-8369-8807-8.
  4. ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  5. ^ "In 1986 I discovered that a series of Irish oaks exhibited their narrowest rings in the immediate vicinity of." 080205 aryabhata.de
  6. ^ Baillie, M.G.L. (2007). Tree-Rings Indicate Global Environmental Downturns that could have been Caused by Comet Debris, Chap. 5 in Bobrowsky, Peter T. and Hans Rickman (eds.), Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 3-540-32709-6, pp. 105–122.
  7. ^ Highfield, Roger; Uhlig, Robert; Derbyshire, David (9 Sep 2000). "Comet caused Dark Ages, says tree ring expert". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  8. ^ "El Chichon eruption implicated in Mayan upheaval - BBC News". BBC News. April 20, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  9. ^ Gibbons, Ann (November 15, 2018). "Why 536 was 'the worst year to be alive'". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  10. ^ a b Frye Ancient Iran
  11. ^ Bury 1923, pp. Volume 2, p. 57–58
  12. ^ Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992, pp. 633, 815, 915
  13. ^ Farrokh 2007, p. 235
  14. ^ Antonopoulos, 1980
  15. ^ J.B. Bury, 1923. History of the later Roman Empire, chapter XIX
  16. ^ Bury (1923). Vol. II, Chapter XIX, p. 231-233.
  17. ^ Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: "From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade". ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5 p. 231.
  18. ^ J. Norwich, A Short History of Byzantium, p. 77
  19. ^ Kazhdan 1991, "Solomon", pp. 1925–1926.
  20. ^ Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992, pp. 1175–1176
  21. ^ Bury 1958, p. 145
  22. ^ Procopius. History. XXV. 26 Vol. IV 261
  23. ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  24. ^ Morton, H. V. (2003). A Traveller in Rome. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0306811316.
  25. ^ Pringle 1981, p. 202
  26. ^ Pringle 1981, pp. 205–206
  27. ^ Saint of the Day, November 7: Herculanus of Perugia, archived by Wayback Machine
  28. ^ O'Donnell, James (2008). The Ruin of the Roman Empire. New York: HarperCollins. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-06-078737-0.
  29. ^ a b T. M. Charles-Edwards (2006). The Chronicle of Ireland: Introduction, text. Liverpool University Press. pp. 99–. ISBN 978-0-85323-959-8.
  30. ^ Isidore of Seville, Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum, chapter 44. Translation by Guido Donini and Gordon B. Ford, Isidore of Seville's History of the Goths, Vandals, and Suevi, second revised edition (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1970), p.21
  31. ^ Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992, pp. 381–382
  32. ^ Council of Orléans Archived September 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine at the Catholic Encyclopedia
  33. ^ Chryssavgis, John (March 2017). John Climacus From the Egyptian Desert to the Sinaite Mountain. Taylor & Francis. p. 159. ISBN 9781351925211. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  34. ^ Chryssavgis, John (March 2017). John Climacus From the Egyptian Desert to the Sinaite Mountain. Taylor & Francis. p. 160. ISBN 9781351925211. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  35. ^ P.W. Joyce (22 March 2018). A Concise History of Ireland. Charles River Editors. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-61430-701-3.[permanent dead link]
  36. ^ Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four. BRILL. 22 September 2014. p. 1697. ISBN 978-90-04-27185-2.
  37. ^ Anna Welch (15 October 2015). Liturgy, Books and Franciscan Identity in Medieval Umbria. BRILL. p. 188. ISBN 978-90-04-30467-3.
  38. ^ Kenneth Baxter Wolf (1999). Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain. Liverpool University Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-85323-554-5.
  39. ^ Pádraig Ó Riain (1985). Corpus genealogiarum sanctorum Hiberniae. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. ISBN 9780901282804.
  40. ^ Peter Connolly; John Gillingham; John Lazenby (13 May 2016). The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Warfare. Routledge. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-135-93674-7.
  41. ^ Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol.3 & 4): A Reference Guide, Part Three & Four. BRILL. 22 September 2014. p. 1552. ISBN 978-90-04-27185-2.
  42. ^ Wanton Women in Late-Imperial Chinese Literature: Models, Genres, Subversions and Traditions. BRILL. 27 March 2017. p. 36. ISBN 978-90-04-34062-6.
Bibliography