Samad Behrangi

Samad Behrangi
صمد بهرنگی
Born	(1939-06-24)June 24, 1939 Tabriz, Iran
Died	August 31, 1968(1968-08-31) (aged 29) Aras River, Iran
Cause of death	Drowning
Alma mater	Tabriz University
Occupations	Short story writer teacher social critic social activist poet translator

Samad Behrangi (Persian: صمد بهرنگی; June 24, 1939 – August 31, 1968) was an Iranian teacher, social activist and critic, folklorist, translator, and short story writer of Iranian Azerbaijani descent. He is famous for his children's books, particularly The Little Black Fish. Influenced by predominantly leftist ideologies that were common among the intelligentsia of his era‌, which made him popular among the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas, his books typically portrayed the lives of the children of the urban poor and encouraged the individual to change his/her circumstances by her own initiatives.

Early life

He was born on June 24, 1939, in the neighborhood of Charandab in the city of Tabriz, Imperial State of Iran. He was from a working-class family, his parents were Sara and Ezzat, and he had two brothers and three sisters. His father was a seasonal worker and his income was never sufficient. His father eventually left Iran like millions of other workers on the move for better life conditions for the Caucasus and never returned.

He finished elementary school and three years of secondary school in Tabriz, before enrolling in a rural teacher training school. He spent two years at the Daneshsarayea-Keshavarzi and finished the program in 1957; thus, only receiving few years of education. At the age of 18, he became a teacher, and continued to be so for the rest of his life, in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

Career

In the next eleven years, while teaching Persian in rural schools of Iranian Azerbaijan, he attained a B.A. degree in English from Tabriz University. He started publishing stories in 1960, his first being Adat (English: Habit). He carried on writing stories, along translating from English and Azerbaijani to Farsi, and vice versa. Later, he was dismissed from his high school teaching position, due to a claim that he was impolite, and assigned to an elementary school. Then, as his cultural works increased, he was accused and persecuted, and suspended from teaching. After a while his sentence was called off and he returned to schools. Later, he attended student protests.

Publications

Apart from children's stories, he wrote many pedagogical essays and collected and published several samples of oral Azerbaijani literature. His folklore studies have usually been done with the help of his colleague Behrooz Dehghani, who helped publish some of Behrangi's works after his early death. Behrangi also has a few Azerbaijani language translations of Persian poems by Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, and Mehdi Akhavan-Sales.

List of publications

• Behrangi, Samad (1969). کندوکاو در مسائل تربیتی ایران [Investigations into the Educational Problems of Iran] (in Persian).
• Behrangi, Samad (August 1968). ماهی سیاه کوچولو [The Little Black Fish] (in Persian). Farshid Mesghali (illustrations). Nashr-i Nakhustīn. ISBN 9648037396.
• Behrangi, Samad (1968). اولدوز و کلاغ‌ها [Olduz and the Crows] (in Persian).
• Behrangi, Samad (1967). اولدوز و عروسک سخنگو [Olduz and the Talking Doll] (in Persian). جامه‌دران،. ISBN 9645858720.
• Behrangi, Samad (1969). One Peach Thousand Peaches.
• Behrangi, Samad (April 1, 2014). تلخون: مجموعه قصه [Talkhoon: A collection of stories] (in Persian). (Amirkabir Publications)انتشارات امیرکبیر.
• The Complete Stories of Behrang, publishers, Persian Culture & Art Institute, Vancouver and Zagros Publications, Montreal, Canada

Death

Behrangi drowned on August 31, 1968, in the Aras river and his death was blamed on the Pahlavi government. It is believed that an army officer, Hamzeh Farahati, was seen with him when he drowned. Farahati in his book and in an interview with VOA has unequivocally denied the claims he and SAVAK murdered him. Ironically in his seminal work the Little Black Fish, the fishes drown a snail for not knowing his place.

He was buried in the Imamieh cemetery (or Emamiyyeh cemetery; Farsi:قبرستان امامیه) in the Imamieh neighborhood of Tabriz.

See also

• Imamieh
• Tabriz

Further reading

• Milani, Abbas. "Samad Behrangi," in Eminent Persians, Vol. 2. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008, pp. 838–842
• Preface and backcover text from Samad Behrangi, Talkhoon va Chand Ghesse-ye Digar (Talkhoon and other stories), Behrangi Publishings, Tabriz, 1998, ISBN 964-90517-2-4.
• Khanlarzadeh, Mina (2021). "The stories of rebellious children at the time of the 1979 revolution". British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 50 (2): 450–464. doi:10.1080/13530194.2021.1978280. S2CID 239076656.
• Tahbaz, Sirous, Samad Behrangi va Mahi-e Koochooloo-ye Daanaa (Samad Behrangi and the Wise Little Fish).
• de Vries, G. J. J. (1960). "Bihrangī". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. OCLC 495469456.

External links

• Samad's Stories in English
• Samad Stories: The Little Black Fish
• Samad Stories: 24 Restless Hours
• Samad Stories: The Little Sugar Beet Vendor
• Samad Stories: The Tale of Love
• Samad Stories: Talkhun
• Samad Stories: In Search of Faith
• (in German and Persian) Samad's life and the stories