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Far East Fleet (United Kingdom)

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Far East Fleet
Taranaki and Victorious underway during exercises in May 1964
Active1952–1971
Country UK
Branch Royal Navy
TypeFleet
Garrison/HQSingapore Naval Base
EngagementsMalayan Emergency
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

The Far East Fleet (also called the Far East Station) was a fleet of the Royal Navy which existed between 1952 and 1971.

During the Second World War, the Eastern Fleet included many ships and personnel from other navies, including those of the Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, France and the United States. On 22 November 1944 the Eastern Fleet was re-designated East Indies fleet and continued to be based in Trincomalee. Following its re-designation its remaining ships formed the British Pacific Fleet.[1] In December 1945 the British Pacific Fleet was disbanded and its forces were absorbed into the East Indies Fleet. In 1952 The East Indies Fleet was renamed the Far East Fleet. After the Second World War the East Indies Station continued as a separate command to the Far East until 1958. In 1971 the Far East Fleet was abolished and its remaining forces returned home, coming under the command of the new, unified, Commander-in-Chief Fleet.

Post-war

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After the war, the East Indies Fleet was once again based at the Singapore Naval Base. The 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (HMS Glory and HMS Theseus) arrived from the British Pacific Fleet in October 1945, and operated from Trincomalee, then Singapore, from October 1945 to October 1947. In 1952, the East Indies Fleet was redesignated the Far East Fleet. The Fleet then took part in the Malayan Emergency and the Confrontation with Indonesia in the 1960s. By 1964, the fleet on station included Victorious, Centaur, Bulwark, Kent, Hampshire, 17 destroyers and frigates, about ten minesweepers and five submarines.[2]

The Flag Officer Second-in-Command Far East Fleet, for most of the postwar period a rear admiral, was based afloat, and tasked with keeping the fleet "up to the mark operationally". Some also held the appointment of Flag Officer Commanding 5th Cruiser Squadron, probably including Rear Admiral E.G.A. Clifford CB, who was flying his flag in HMS Newcastle on 12 November 1953. Meanwhile, the fleet commander, a vice admiral, ran the fleet programme and major items of administration 'including all provision for docking and maintenance' from his base in Singapore.[3]

In the last days of the East Indies Fleet North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950, beginning the Korean War. William Andrewes was promoted to vice admiral on 1 December 1950, and on the 17th was made commander of the 5th Cruiser Squadron and Flag Officer Second in Command Far East Fleet, flying his flag in the light cruiser Belfast. After the outbreak of the Korean War he commanded British and Commonwealth Naval Forces,[4] with the carrier Theseus as his flagship. He had two aircraft carriers available at any one time which he worked in eighteen-day cycles.[5] At times he also led Task Force 91 (comprising all Blockade, Covering Force and Escort ships in Korean waters, affiliated with the United Nations Command) in 1951.[4]

From February 1963 the remaining destroyer and frigate squadrons in the Far East Fleet were gradually amalgamated into Escort Squadrons. All were disbanded by the end of December 1966. Those in the Far East Fleet became the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Far East Destroyer Squadrons. HMS Loch Fada (K390) returned to service in June 1962 assigned to the 3rd Frigate Squadron of the Far East Fleet. She arrived at Colombo in October and was deployed in the Indian Ocean, calling at Diego Garcia and Malé, Maldives. She served with the Far East Fleet until mid-1967 before returning home to be paid off.

In November 1967 fleet senior officers supervised the final departure from Britain's beleaguered State of Aden. Rear Admiral Edward Ashmore, Flag Officer, Second-in-Command, Far East Fleet, serving as Commander Task Force 318, commanded the British warships assembled to cover the withdrawal from Aden and receive the final Royal Marine Commandos heli-evacuated from the RAF Khormaksar airfield.[6]

The fleet was disbanded in 1971, and on 31 October 1971, the last day of the validity of the Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement, the last Commander, Far East Fleet, Rear Admiral Anthony Troup, hauled down his flag.[7]

Commander-in-Chief, Far East Fleet

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Post holders included:[8][9]

Rank Name Term Notes
Commander-in-Chief, Far East Fleet
1 Vice-Admiral Sir Guy Russell January 1952 – March 1953
2 Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Lambe March 1953 – April 1955
3 Vice-Admiral Sir Alan Scott-Moncrieff April 1955 – October 1957
4 Vice-Admiral Sir Gerald Gladstone October 1957 – April 1960
5 Vice-Admiral Sir David Luce April 1960 – November 1962
6 Vice-Admiral Sir Desmond Dreyer November 1962 – January 1965
7 Vice-Admiral Sir Frank Twiss January 1965 – June 1967
8 Vice-Admiral Sir William O'Brien June 1967 -September 1969
9 Vice-Admiral Sir Derek Empson September 1969 – April 1971
10 Rear-Admiral Sir Anthony Troup April – November 1971 Rear-admiral as last commander.[7]

Flag Officer Second-in-Command Far East Fleet

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Included: [citation needed]

Rank Name Term Notes
Flag Officer Second-in-Command Far East Fleet
1 Rear-Admiral Laurence Durlacher Appointed 1957.[10] Also Flag Officer Commanding Fifth Cruiser Squadron
2 Rear-Admiral Varyl Begg 1958–1960[11]
3 Rear-Admiral Michael Le Fanu 1960–1961
4 Rear-Admiral John Frewen 1961–1962
5 Rear-Admiral Jack Scatchard 1962–1964
6 Rear-Admiral Peter Hill-Norton 1964–1966
7 Rear-Admiral Charles Mills 1966–1967
8 Rear-Admiral Edward Ashmore 1967–1968
9 Rear-Admiral Anthony Griffin 1968–1969
10 Rear-Admiral Terence Lewin 1969–1970
11 Rear-Admiral David Williams 1970–1971

Chief of Staff, Far East Fleet

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Included:[12]

Rank Flag Name Term
Chief of Staff, Far East Fleet
1 Captain Ralph L. Fisher January – October 1952
2 Commodore Laurence G. Durlacher October 1952 – September 1954
3 Commodore George A. F. Norfolk September 1954 – October 1956
5 Commodore Christopher H. Hutchinson October 1956 – March 1959
6 Rear-Admiral Ronald E. Portlock March 1959 – April 1961
7 Rear-Admiral Bryan C. Durant April 1961 – July 1963
8 Rear-Admiral Francis B. P. Brayne-Nicholls July 1963 – July 1965
9 Rear-Admiral Dennis H. Mason July 1965 – December 1967
10 Rear-Admiral Ian D. McLaughlan December 1967 – February 1970
9 Rear-Admiral John A. Templeton-Cotill February 1970 – March 1971

Flag Officer, Malayan Area

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Main article: Flag Officer, Malayan Area

As the Malayan Emergency developed, the Flag Officer, Malayan Area's title changed as his areas of responsibility increased.[13]

Commodore, Amphibious Forces, Far East Fleet

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Commodore, Amphibious Forces, Far East (COMAFFEF)[14] was based at HMNB Singapore from May 1965 to March 1971.

The Amphibious Warfare Squadron was established in March 1961, which was responsible to the Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf until August 1962. It then was reassigned to Flag Officer, Middle East, until April 1965. The squadron was then transferred to the Far East where it was renamed Amphibious Forces under the new Commodore, Amphibious Forces, Far East Fleet in May 1965.[15] The post was discontinued in March 1971.

Incumbents included:[14]

Rank Flag Name Term
Commodore, Amphibious Forces, Far East Fleet
1 Commodore Hardress L. Lloyd May 1965 - May 1966
2 Commodore David A. Dunbar-Nasmith May 1966 - July 1967
3 Commodore E. Gerard N. Mansfield July 1967 - November 1968
4 Commodore Thomas W. Stocker November 1968 - September 1970
5 Commodore Derek W. Napper September 1970 - March 1971

Commodore-in-Charge, Hong Kong

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Main article: Commodore-in-Charge, Hong Kong

This officer was based at HMS Tamar. He was responsible for administrating all naval establishments in Hong Kong including HMNB Hong Kong and, at times, exercised operational control over Royal Navy ships in that area.[16]

Subordinate naval formations

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Units that served in the fleet included:[17][18]

Naval Units Based at Date Notes
5th Cruiser Squadron Trincomalee then Singapore Naval Base January 1942 – May 1960
8th Destroyer Flotilla Singapore 1947 to July 1951 re-designated 8th DSQ
1st Destroyer Squadron Singapore 1950 to April 1960
8th Destroyer Squadron Singapore July 1951 – May 1963 renamed 24th ESQ
1st Far East Destroyer Squadron Singapore December 1966 to 1 November 1971
2nd Far East Destroyer Squadron Singapore December 1966 to 1 November 1971
3rd Far East Destroyer Squadron Singapore December 1966 to December 1970
1st Escort Flotilla Singapore 1946 to 1954
21st Escort Squadron Singapore May 1964 to December 1966
22nd Escort Squadron Singapore May 1963 to June 1964 became 29th Escort Squadron
24th Escort Squadron Singapore May 1963 to December 1966 renamed from 8th DSQ
25th Escort Squadron Singapore January 1963 to May 1964 renamed from 6th FSQ
26th Escort Squadron Singapore May 1963 to December 1966 renamed from 3FSQ
29th Escort Squadron Singapore June 1964 to December 1966
30th Escort Squadron Singapore September 1964 to December 1965
3rd Frigate Squadron Singapore May 1949– 1954, January 1958 to May 1963 renamed 26th ESQ
4th Frigate Squadron Singapore January 1949 to August 1954
4th Frigate Squadron Singapore January 1956 – December 1960
4th Frigate Squadron Singapore September 1961 to September 1962
5th Frigate Squadron Singapore December 1959 to December 1962
6th Frigate Squadron Singapore December 1960 to September 1961; September 1962 to January 1963 Renamed 25th Escort Squadron
6th Mine Counter-Measures Squadron Singapore 1962 to 1971
8th Mine Counter-Measures Squadron Hong Kong 1962 to 1967
6th Minesweeper Flotilla Singapore August 1947 to 1951 placed in reserve
6th Minesweeper Squadron Singapore 1951 to June 1954 new formation
104th Minesweeper Squadron Singapore 1960 to 1962
120th Minesweeper Squadron Hong Kong Naval Base 1952 to 1962
7th Submarine Division Singapore 1959
7th Submarine Squadron Singapore 1966 to 1971
Persian Gulf Division Juffair Naval Base January 1942 to January 1954
Red Sea Division Aden Naval Base February 1942 to January 1954

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Hobbs, David. "THE BRITISH PACIFIC FLEET IN 1945 A Commonwealth effort and a remarkable achievement" (PDF). navy.gov.au. Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  2. ^ Grove 1987, p. 266.
  3. ^ Hill, p. 219
  4. ^ a b "Royal Navy Officers 1939-1945 (An-Ap)". unithistories.com. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  5. ^ "HMS Theseus". britains-smallwars.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
  6. ^ Colin D. Robinson (2021). "The Somali Navy from 1965 to the 1980s: A research note". Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies. 1 (1–2): 128. ISSN 2786-1902.
  7. ^ a b Grove 1987, p. 307.
  8. ^ Whitaker's Almanacks 1941 – 1971
  9. ^ Mackie 2018, pp. 151–152.
  10. ^ "Navy Notes Great Britain". RUSI Journal. 102 (106). 1957.
  11. ^ Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. p. 27. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.
  12. ^ Mackie 2018, p. 153.
  13. ^ Benbow, Tim; Thornton, Rod (2013). Dimensions of Counter-insurgency: Applying Experience to Practice. Cambridge, England: Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 9781136790034.
  14. ^ a b Mackie 2018, pp. 222.
  15. ^ Watson, Graham (12 July 2015). "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947-2013". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  16. ^ Office, The Colonial (1970). Hong Kong: Report. Hong Kong: Government Press. p. 187.
  17. ^ Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation in World War 2, 1939–1945: 3.3 INDIAN and PACIFIC OCEANS". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 19 September 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
  18. ^ Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947–2013:1. ROYAL NAVY ORGANISATION AND DEPLOYMENT FROM 1947". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 12 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

References

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  • Grove, Eric (1987). Vanguard to Trident: British Naval Policy Since World War II. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0870215520.
  • Heathcote, Tony (2002). The British Admirals of the Fleet 1734 – 1995. Pen & Sword Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-835-6.
  • Hill, Richard (2000). Lewin of Greenwich. Weidenfeld Military. ISBN 978-0-304-35329-3.
  • Jackson, Ashley (2006). The British Empire and the Second World War. London: Hambledon Continuum. ISBN 1-85285-417-0.
  • Mackie, Colin (2018). "Royal Navy Senior Appointments from 1865". gulabin.com. Colin Mackie. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  • Muggenthaler, August Karl (1980). German Raiders of World War II. London Pan. ISBN 0-330-26204-1.
  • O'Hara, Vincent (2009). Struggle for the Middle Sea: the great navies at war in the Mediterranean theater, 1940–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1591146483.
  • Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian; Izawa, Yasuho (1992). Bloody Shambles: The Drift to War to the Fall of Singapore. Vol. I. London: Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-50-X.
  • Watson, Dr Graham (2015). "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947-2013". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith.
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