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List of heads of state and government who were later imprisoned

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of heads of government who were later imprisoned. There have been several individuals throughout history who served as head of state or head of government (such as president, prime minister or monarch) of their nation states and later became prisoners. Any serving or former head who was placed under house arrest, overthrown in a coup or became a prisoner of war is also included. Leaders who were kidnapped by insurgents or those who received an Interpol notice that was not consummated are not included.

Africa

[edit]
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later
imprisonment		 Reason
Muhammad VIII al-Amin  Tunisia Bey of Tunis (1943–1956) & King of Tunisia (1956–1957) 1957 Overthrown[1]
Patrice Lumumba  Democratic Republic of the Congo Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1960) 1961 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
Ahmed Ben Bella  Algeria President of Algeria (1963–1965) 1965 Overthrown[3]
Ntare V of Burundi  Burundi King of Burundi (1966) 1966 Overthrown
Alphonse Massamba-Débat  Republic of the Congo President of the Republic of the Congo (1963–1968) 1968 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[2]
Modibo Keïta  Mali President of Mali (1960–1968) 1968 Overthrown[4][5]
Idris of Libya  Libya King of Libya (1951–1969) 1969 Overthrown
Hamani Diori  Niger President of Niger (1960–1974) 1974 Overthrown[6]
Haile Selassie  Ethiopia Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974) 1974 Overthrown[7]
Moktar Ould Daddah  Mauritania President of Mauritania (1960–1978) 1978 Overthrown[8]
Ali Soilih  Comoros Head of State of the Comoros (1976–1978) 1978 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[9]
Ignatius Kutu Acheampong  Ghana Head of state of Ghana (1972–1978) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Akwasi Afrifa  Ghana Head of state of Ghana (1969–1970) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Fred Akuffo  Ghana Head of state of Ghana (1978–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad) [10]
Francisco Macías Nguema  Equatorial Guinea President of Equatorial Guinea (1968–1979) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[11]
Luís Cabral  Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (1973–1980) 1980 Overthrown
Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla  Mauritania President of Mauritania (1980–1984) 1984 Colluding with a foreign power[12]
Jean-Bédel Bokassa  Central African Republic President of the Central African Republic (1966–1976)
Emperor of Central Africa (1976–1979)		 1987 Murder[13]
Mengistu Haile Mariam  Ethiopia President of Ethiopia (1987–1991) 1991 Overthrown
Moussa Traoré  Mali President of Mali (1968–1991) 1993 Overthrown[14]
Jean Kambanda  Rwanda Prime Minister of Rwanda (1994) 1998 Crimes against humanity[15]
Canaan Banana  Zimbabwe President of Zimbabwe (1980–1987) 1999 Homosexuality[16]
João Bernardo Vieira  Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (1980–1984, 1984–1999, 2005–2009)
Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau &
Vice President of Guinea-Bissau (1977–1980)		 1999 Overthrown
Kumba Ialá  Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (2000–2003) 2003 Overthrown
Pasteur Bizimungu  Rwanda President of Rwanda (1994–2000) 2004 Corruption[17]
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya  Mauritania Prime Minister of Mauritania (1981–1984, 1984–1992)
President of Mauritania (1984–2005)		 2005 Overthrown[18]
Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó  Equatorial Guinea Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006) 2007 Corruption[19]
Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi  Mauritania President of Mauritania (2007–2008) 2008 Overthrown[20]
Mohamed Bacar  Anjouan President of Anjouan (2001–2008) 2008 Illegally entering a country[21]
Marc Ravalomanana  Madagascar President of Madagascar (2005–2009) 2010 Murder[22]
Mamadou Tandja  Niger President of Niger (1999–2010) 2010 Overthrown[23]
Eugene Koffi Adoboli  Togo Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000) 2011 Corruption[24]
Abuzed Omar Dorda  Libya Prime Minister of Libya (1990–1994) 2011 Crimes against humanity[25]
Baghdadi Mahmudi  Libya Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2006–2011) 2011 Illegally entering a country[26]
Muammar Gaddafi  Libya Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011) & Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977) 2011 Overthrown
Hosni Mubarak  Egypt President of Egypt (1981–2011)
Prime Minister of Egypt (1981–1982)
Vice-President of Egypt (1975–1981)		 2011 Overthrown
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali  Tunisia President of Tunisia (1987–2011) 2011 Overthrown[27]
Charles Taylor  Liberia President of Liberia (1997–2003) 2012 Crimes against humanity[28]
Raimundo Pereira  Guinea-Bissau President of Guinea-Bissau (2009, 2012) 2012 Overthrown
François Bozizé  Central African Republic President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013) 2013 Overthrown[29]
Ephraïm Inoni  Cameroon Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009) 2013 Corruption[30]
Mohamed Morsi  Egypt President of Egypt (2012–2013) 2013 Overthrown[31][32]
Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira  Burundi Vice-President of Burundi (1998–2001) 2015 Bribery[33]
Jean-Pierre Bemba  Democratic Republic of the Congo Vice-Presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003–2006) 2016 Crimes against humanity[34]
Hissène Habré  Chad President of Chad (1982–1990) 2016 Crimes against humanity[35]
Robert Mugabe  Zimbabwe Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980–1987)
President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)		 2017 Overthrown[36]
Hama Amadou  Niger Prime Minister of Niger (1995–1996 & 2000–2007) 2017 Child smuggling[37]
Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi  Comoros President of the Comoros (2006–2011) 2018 Corruption[38]
Youcef Yousfi  Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (2014) 2019 Corruption[39]
Abdelmalek Sellal  Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (2012–2017) 2019 Corruption[40]
Ahmed Ouyahia  Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2012 & 2017–2019) 2019 Corruption[40]
Mohamed Tahir Ayala  Sudan Prime Minister of Sudan (2019) 2019 Overthrown[41]
Omar al-Bashir  Sudan President of Sudan (1989–2019) 2019 Overthrown[42][43][44]
Guillaume Soro  Ivory Coast Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2007–2012) 2020 Corruption[45]
Tom Thabane  Lesotho Prime Minister of Lesotho (2012–2015 & 2017–2020) 2020 Murder[46]
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta  Mali President of Mali (2013–2020) 2020 Overthrown[47]
Pierre Habumuremyi  Rwanda Prime Minister of Rwanda (2011–2014) 2020 Fraud[48]
Bah Ndaw  Mali President of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown[49]
Moctar Ouane  Mali Prime Minister of Mali (2020–2021) 2021 Overthrown[49]
Alpha Condé  Guinea President of Guinea (2010–2021) 2021 Overthrown[50]
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz  Mauritania President of Mauritania (2009–2019) 2021 Corruption[51]
Yahya Ould Hademine  Mauritania Prime Minister of Mauritania (2014–2018) 2021 Corruption[52]
Mohamed Salem Ould Béchir  Mauritania Prime Minister of Mauritania (2018–2019) 2021 Corruption[52]
Jacob Zuma  South Africa President of South Africa (2009–2018) 2021 Corruption[53]
Alpha Condé  Guinea President of Guinea (2010–2021) 2021 Overthrown[54]
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré  Burkina Faso President of Burkina Faso (2015–2022) 2022 Overthrown[55]
Moussa Dadis Camara  Guinea President of Guinea (2008–2010) 2022 Imprisoned before trial[56]
Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba  Burkina Faso President of Burkina Faso (2022) 2022 Overthrown[57]
Ibrahima Kassory Fofana  Guinea Prime Minister of Guinea (2018–2021) 2022 Embezzlement[58]
Blaise Compaoré  Burkina Faso President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014) 2022 Murder[59]
Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni  Burundi Prime Minister of Burundi (2020–2022) 2023 Attempted coup[60]
Noureddine Bedoui  Algeria Prime Minister of Algeria (2019) 2023 Corruption[61]
Mohamed Bazoum  Niger President of Niger (2021–2023) 2023 Overthrown[62]
Ali Bongo Ondimba  Gabon President of Gabon (2009–2023) 2023 Overthrown[63]

Asia

[edit]
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later
imprisonment		 Reason
Li Si  China Imperial Chancellor (208 BC) 208 BC Treason (Executed by Waist chop)
Zhao Gao  China Imperial Chancellor (208–207 BC) 207 BC Overthrown (Stabbed to death)
Ziying of Qin  China Ruler of Qin (207 BC) 206 BC Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Huai of Jin  China Emperor of China (Western Jin) (307–311) 313 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Min of Jin  China Emperor of China (Western Jin) (313–316) 318 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Tianzuo of Liao  China Emperor of the Liao Dynasty (1101–1125) 1156 Overthrown (Executed by being shot to death with arrows)
Qinzong of Song  China Emperor of the Song Dynasty (1126–1127) 1127 Captured by enemy forces during the Jingkang incident
Wen Tianxiang  China Grand Chancellor of the Song Dynasty (1275–1278) 1283 Treason (Executed by beheading)
Mehmed VI  Turkey Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1918–1922) 1922 Overthrown
Puyi  China Emperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945) and Emperor of China (1908–1912) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Chen Gongbo Collaborationist China President of the Republic of China (1944–1945) 1946 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Liang Hongzhi Collaborationist China President of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938–1940) 1946 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Kōki Hirota  Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1936–1937) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Hiranuma Kiichirō  Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Kuniaki Koiso  Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Masaharu Homma  Japan Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Shigenori Kuroda  Japan Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Tomoyuki Yamashita  Japan Military Governor of Japan to the Philippines (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Jirō Minami  Japan Governor-General of Korea (1936–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Takashi Sakai  Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1941–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Rensuke Isogai  Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1942–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Hisakazu Tanaka  Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1945) 1947 Crimes against humanity (Executed by firing squad)
Yoshijirō Umezu  Japan Governor-General of Kwantung (1939–1944) 1948 Crimes against humanity
Heitarō Kimura  Japan Governor of Hong Kong (1944–1945) 1948 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Hideki Tojo  Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1941–1944) 1948 Crimes against humanity (Executed by hanging)
Faisal II of Iraq  Iraq King of Iraq (1939–1958) 1958 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Nuri al-Said  Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1930–1958) 1958 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Adnan Menderes  Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey (1950–1960) 1960 Treason (Executed by hanging)[64]
Celâl Bayar  Turkey President of Turkey (1950-1960) 1960 Treason[65]
Abd al-Karim Qasim  Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1958–1963) 1963 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Sukarno  Indonesia President of Indonesia (1945–1967) 1967 Overthrown[66]
Liu Shaoqi  China Chairman of the People's Republic of China (1958–1968) 1968 Treason[67]
Said bin Taimur  Oman Sultan of Oman (1932–1970) 1970 Overthrown
Tajuddin Ahmad  Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1971–1972) 1975 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[68]
Muhammad Mansur Ali  Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1975) 1975 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[68]
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad  Bangladesh President of Bangladesh (1975) 1975 Overthrown[68]
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda  Iran Prime Minister of Iran (1965–1977) 1979 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[69]
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi  Iran Shah of Iran (1941–1979) 1979 Overthrown
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto  Pakistan President of Pakistan (1971–1973)
Prime Minister of Pakistan (1973–1977)		 1979 Murder (Hanging)[70][71][72]
Kakuei Tanaka  Japan Prime Minister of Japan (1972–1974) 1983 Bribery[73]
Zhao Ziyang  China General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1987–1989)
Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980–1987)		 1989 Politically purged
Hussain Muhammad Ershad  Bangladesh President of Bangladesh (1983–1990) 1990 Corruption[74]
Mohammad Najibullah  Afghanistan President of Afghanistan (1987–1992) 1992 Overthrown (Tortured to death)[75]
Tursunbek Chyngyshev  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1992–1993) 1994 Corruption[76]
Chun Doo-hwan  South Korea President of South Korea (1980-1988) 1996 Treason[77]
Roh Tae-woo  South Korea President of South Korea (1988–1993) 1996 Treason[78]
Akezhan Kazhegeldin  Kazakhstan Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994–1997) 1998 Tax evasion[79]
Necmettin Erbakan  Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey (1996–1997) 1998 Corruption[80]
Benazir Bhutto  Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990 & 1993–1996) 1999 Corruption[81]
P. V. Narasimha Rao  India Prime Minister of India (1991–1996) 2000 Corruption[82]
Moshe Katsav  Israel President of Israel (2000-2007) 2011 Rape[83]
Suharto  Indonesia President of Indonesia (1968–1998) 2000 Corruption[84]
Ne Win  Burma Prime Minister of Burma (1958–1960 & 1962–1974)
President of Burma (1974–1981)		 2002 Treason[85]
Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi  Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1991–1993) 2003 Overthrown[86]
Sa'dun Hammadi  Iraq Prime Minister of Iraq (1991) 2003 Overthrown[87]
Saddam Hussein  Iraq President of Iraq (1979–2003) 2003 Overthrown (Executed by hanging)[88]
Khin Nyunt  Burma Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004) 2005 Corruption[89]
Joseph Estrada  Philippines President of the Philippines (1998–2001) 2007 Corruption[90]
Norodom Ranariddh  Cambodia Prime Minister of Cambodia (1993–1997) 2007 Corruption[91]
Chen Shui-bian  Taiwan President of the Republic of China (2000–2008) 2009 Bribery[92]
Abdul Kabir  Afghanistan Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001) 2010 Terrorism[93]
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo  Philippines President of the Philippines (2001–2010) 2011 Hospital arrest. Election fraud charges, later dismissed[94]
2012 Hospital arrest. Corruption charges, later dismissed[95]
Yousaf Raza Gillani  Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (2008–2012) 2012 Contempt of court[96]
Nambaryn Enkhbayar  Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
President of Mongolia (2005–2009)		 2012 Corruption[97]
Abdumalik Abdullajanov  Tajikistan Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1992–1993) 2013 Attempted assassination[98]
Daniar Usenov  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2009–2010) 2013 Corruption[99]
Ehud Olmert  Israel Prime Minister of Israel (2006-2009) 2014 Bribery[100]
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf  Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (2012–2013) 2014 Corruption[101]
Khieu Samphan  Democratic Kampuchea Chairman of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (1976–1979) 2014 Crimes against humanity[102]
Nuon Chea  Democratic Kampuchea Prime Minister of Kampuchea (1976) 2014 Crimes against humanity[103]
Kenan Evren  Turkey President of Turkey (1980–1989) 2014 Treason[104]
Serik Akhmetov  Kazakhstan Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2012–2014) 2015 Corruption[105]
Han Myeong-sook  South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea (2006–2007) 2015 Bribery[106]
Lee Wan-koo  South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) 2016 Bribery[107]
Igor Chudinov  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2007–2009) 2017 Corruption[108]
Yingluck Shinawatra  Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand (2011–2014) 2017 Corruption[109]
Choi Kyoung-hwan  South Korea Prime Minister of South Korea (2015) 2018 Bribery[110]
Chimediin Saikhanbileg  Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2014–2016) 2018 Corruption[111]
Sanjaagiin Bayar  Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2007–2009) 2018 Corruption[111]
Ma Ying-jeou  Taiwan President of the Republic of China (2008–2016) 2018 Leaking classified information[112]
Almazbek Atambayev  Kyrgyzstan President of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2017) 2018 Murder[113]
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom  Maldives President of the Maldives (1978–2008) 2018 Treason[114]
Lee Myung-bak  South Korea President of South Korea (2008–2013) 2018 Bribery[115]
Park Geun-hye  South Korea President of South Korea (2013–2017) 2018 Bribery[116]
Khaleda Zia  Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991–1996 & 2001–2006) 2018 Corruption[117]
Nawaz Sharif  Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990–1993, 1997–1999 & 2013–2017) 2018 Corruption[118][119][120]
Abdulla Yameen  Maldives President of the Maldives (2013–2018) 2019 Corruption[121]
Thaksin Shinawatra  Thailand Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006) 2019 Corruption[122]
Nur Bekri  China Chairman of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
People's Government (2008–2014)		 2019 Bribery[123]
Pervez Musharraf  Pakistan President of Pakistan (2001–2008) 2019 Treason[124]
Asif Ali Zardari  Pakistan President of Pakistan (2008–2013) 2019 Corruption[125]
Najib Razak  Malaysia Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009–2018) 2019 Corruption[126]
Zhantoro Satybaldiyev  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2012–2014) 2019 Corruption[127]
Sapar Isakov  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2017–2018) 2019 Corruption[127]
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi  Yemen President of Yemen (2012–2022) 2020 Treason[128]
Dendeviin Terbishdagva  Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2014) 2020 Abuse of power[129]
Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat  Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2016–2017) 2020 Abuse of power[130]
Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan  Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (1996–1998) 2020 Abuse of power[131]
Aung San Suu Kyi  Myanmar State Counsellor of Myanmar (2016–2021) 2021 Illegally importing walkie-talkies[132]
Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2018–2020) 2021 Corruption[133]
Ömürbek Babanov  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2011–2012) 2021 Corruption[134]
Kubanychbek Jumaliyev  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998) 2021 Corruption[135]
Temir Sariyev  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2015–2016) 2021 Corruption[136]
Sooronbay Jeenbekov  Kyrgyzstan President of Kyrgyzstan (2017-2020) & Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2016–2017) 2021 Corruption[137]
Djoomart Otorbaev  Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2014–2015) 2022 Corruption[138]
Karim Massimov  Kazakhstan Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2014–2016) 2023 Treason[139]
Imran Khan  Pakistan Prime Minister of Pakistan (2018–2022) 2023 Corruption[140]
Sükhbaataryn Batbold  Mongolia Prime Minister of Mongolia (2009–2012) 2024 Corruption[141]
Sheikh Hasina  Bangladesh Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001, 2009–2024) 2024 Overthrown

Europe

[edit]
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
Valerian Roman Empire Emperor of Rome (253–260) 260 Overthrown
Mary, Queen of Scots  Scotland Queen of Scotland (1542–1567) 1587 Treason (Executed by beheading)
Charles I of England  England,  Scotland &  Ireland King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625–1649) 1649 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Louis XVI of France  France King of France (1774–1792) 1793 Overthrown (Executed by beheading)
Lajos Batthyány  Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1848) 1849 Overthrown
(Executed by firing squad)
Nicholas II of Russia  Russia Emperor of Russia (1894–1917) 1917 Overthrown
(Executed by firing squad)
Carol II of Romania  Romania King of Romania (1930–1940) 1940 Overthrown
Géza Lakatos  Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
Bogdan Filov  Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1940–1943) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Dobri Bozhilov  Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943–1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Benito Mussolini  Italy Prime Minister of Italy (1922–1945) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Philippe Pétain  France Chief of the Government (1940)
Chief of the French State (1940–1944)		 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Pierre Laval  France Chief of the Government (1931–1932, 1935–1936, 1940 & 1942–1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
(Executed by firing squad)
Vidkun Quisling  Norway Minister President of Norway (1942–1945) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
(Executed by firing squad)
Risto Ryti  Finland President of Finland (1940–1944) 1945 Treason
Ibrahim Biçakçiu  Albania Prime Minister of Albania (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
Georgios Tsolakoglou  Greece Prime Minister of Greece (1941–1942) 1945 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov  Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1944) 1945 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Petar Gabrovski  Bulgaria Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1943) 1945 Crimes against humanity
Wilhelm Frick  Nazi Germany Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1943–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Ferenc Szálasi  Hungary Head of State of Hungary (1944–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Döme Sztójay  Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Karl Hermann Frank  Nazi Germany Reich Minister for Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Hans Frank  Nazi Germany Governor-General of the General Government of Occupied Poland (1939–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Kurt Daluege  Nazi Germany Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1942–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Kostaq Kotta  Albania Prime Minister of Albania (1928–1930 & 1936–1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Béla Imrédy  Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1938–1939) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Ion Antonescu  Romania Prime Minister of Romania (1940–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Ioannis Rallis  Greece Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Konstantinos Logothetopoulos  Greece Prime Minister of Greece (1943–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity and Treason
Arthur Seyss-Inquart  Nazi Germany Chancellor of Austria (1938) & Reich Commissioner of the Netherlands (1940–1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
László Bárdossy  Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–1942) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by firing squad)
Karl Dönitz  Nazi Germany President of the German Reich (1945) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Johan Wilhelm Rangell  Finland Prime Minister of Finland (1941–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Konstantin von Neurath  Nazi Germany Protector of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1943) 1946 Crimes against humanity
Jan Syrový  Czechoslovakia Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938) 1945 Treason
Rudolf Beran  Czechoslovakia Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)
Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939)		 1941 & 1945 Treason
Emil Hácha  Czechoslovakia President of Czechoslovakia (1938–1939)
President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1945)		 1945 Treason
Alois Eliáš  Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939–1941) 1941 Treason (Executed by firing squad)
Jaroslav Krejčí  Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1941–1945) 1945 Treason
Richard Bienert  Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Prime Minister of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1945) 1945 Treason
Vojtech Tuka  Slovakia Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic (1939–1944) 1946 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Jozef Tiso  Slovakia President of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945) 1947 Crimes against humanity
(Executed by hanging)
Erich Koch  Nazi Germany Gauleiter of Gau East Prussia (1928–1945), Oberpräsident of East Prussia (1933–1945)
Reichskommissar of Ukraine (1941–1944)
Reichskommissar for the Ostland (1944–1945)		 1950 Crimes against humanity
Konstantin Päts  Estonia President of Estonia (1938–1940) 1952 Anti-Soviet agitation
Imre Nagy  Hungary Prime Minister of Hungary (1953–1955 & 1956) 1958 Overthrown
(Executed by hanging)
Zoltán Tildy  Hungary Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary (1945–1946) & President of Hungary 1958 Overthrown
Georgios Zoitakis  Greece Regent of Greece (1967–1972) 1974 Treason and Insurrection


Georgios Papadopoulos  Greece President of Greece (1973) & Prime Minister of Greece (1967–1973) 1974 Treason and Insurrection
Wojciech Jaruzelski  Poland President of Poland (1981–1989) 1989 Treason
Nicolae Ceaușescu  Romania President of Romania (1974–1989) 1989 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)
Todor Zhivkov  Bulgaria General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989) 1990 Overthrown[142]
Egon Krenz  East Germany Chairman of the State Council (1989) 1990 Manslaughter[143]
Erich Honecker  East Germany General Secretary of East Germany (1971–1989) 1992 Manslaughter[144]
Adil Çarçani  Albania Prime Minister of Albania (1981–1991) 1994 Abuse of office[145][146]
Slobodan Milošević  Serbia President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000) & President of Serbia (1989–1997) 2001 Crimes against humanity
Biljana Plavšić  Republika Srpska President of Republika Srpska (1996–1998) 2003 Crimes against humanity[147]
Milan Babić  Republic of Serbian Krajina President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1992)
Prime Minister of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1995)		 2004 Crimes against humanity[148]
Pavlo Lazarenko  Ukraine Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997) 2004 Fraud[149]
Momčilo Krajišnik  Bosnia and Herzegovina Serb Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998) 2006 Crimes against humanity[150]
Ramiz Alia  Albania President of Albania (1991–1992) 2006 Murder[151]
Milan Martić  Republic of Serbian Krajina President of Republic of Serbian Krajina (1994–1995) 2007 Crimes against humanity[152]
Vlado Bučkovski  Republic of Macedonia Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2004–2006) 2008 Corruption[153]
Nikola Šainović  Serbia Prime Minister of Serbia (1993–1994) & Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia (1994–2000) 2009 Crimes against humanity[154]
Yulia Tymoshenko  Ukraine Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010) 2011 Corruption[155]
Jacques Chirac  France Prime Minister of France (1974–1976 & 1986–1988) & President of France (1995–2007) 2011 Corruption[156]
José Sócrates  Portugal Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011) 2014 Corruption[157]
Vano Merabishvili  Georgia Prime Minister of Georgia (2012) 2014 Corruption[158]
Adrian Năstase  Romania Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004) 2014 Bribery[159]
Svetozar Marović  Serbia and Montenegro President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006) 2016 Corruption[160]
Vlad Filat  Moldova Prime Minister of Moldova (2009–2013) 2016 Corruption[161]
Radovan Karadžić  Republika Srpska President of Republika Srpska (1992–1996) 2016 Crimes against humanity[162]
Robert Kocharyan  Armenia President of Armenia (1998–2008) 2018 Corruption[163]
Ivo Sanader  Croatia Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009) 2018 Corruption[164]
Mykola Azarov  Ukraine Prime Minister of Ukraine (2010–2014) 2019 Treason[165]
Viktor Yanukovych  Ukraine President of Ukraine (2010–2014) 2019 Treason[165]
Serzh Sargsyan  Armenia President of Armenia (2008–2018) 2020 Corruption[166]
François Fillon  France Prime Minister of France (2007–2012) 2020 Fraud[167]
Nicolas Sarkozy  France President of France (2007–2012) 2021 Bribery[168][169]
Mikheil Saakashvili  Georgia President of Georgia (2004–2007 & 2008–2013) 2021[170] Abuse of power[171]
Nikola Gruevski  North Macedonia Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia (2006–2016) 2022 Money laundering[172]
Igor Dodon  Moldova President of Moldova (2016–2020) 2022 Corruption and Treason[173]
Fadil Novalić  Bosnia and Herzegovina Prime Minister of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2015–2023) 2023 Corruption[174]
Sebastian Kurz  Austria Chancellor of Austria (2017–2021) 2024 Perjury[175]

North America

[edit]
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later
imprisonment		 Reason
Jefferson Davis  USA President of the Confederate States of America (1862–1865) 1865 Treason[176]
Oreste Zamor  Haiti President of Haiti (1914) 1915 Illegal entry[177]
Élie Lescot  Haiti President of Haiti (1941–1946) 1946 Overthrown[178]
Franck Sylvain  Haiti President of Haiti (1957) 1957 Overthrown[179]
Maurice Bishop  Grenada Prime Minister of Grenada (1979–1983) 1983 Overthrown (Executed by firing squad)[180]
Norman Saunders  Turks and Caicos Islands Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1980–1985) 1985 Drug smuggling[181]
Bernard Coard  Grenada Prime Minister of Grenada (1983) 1986 Murder[182]
Prosper Avril  Haiti President of Haiti (1988–1990) 2001 Conspiracy, murder[183]
Basdeo Panday  Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001) 2006 Fraud[184]
McKeeva Bush  Cayman Islands Premier of the Cayman Islands (2009–2012) 2012 Corruption[185]
Jean-Claude Duvalier  Haiti President of Haiti (1971–1986) 2013 Corruption[186]
David Brandt  Montserrat Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001) 2015 Child sex abuse[187]
Michael Misick  Turks and Caicos Islands Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2006)
Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2006–2009)		 2019 Fraud[188]
Andrew Fahie  British Virgin Islands Premier of the Virgin Islands (2019–2022) 2022 Drug trafficking[189]

Oceania

[edit]
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
Steve Christian  Pitcairn Islands Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004) 2004 Child sex abuse[190]
Laisenia Qarase  Fiji Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2006) 2012 Corruption[191]
Gaston Flosse  French Polynesia President of French Polynesia (1984–1987, 1991–2005, 2008 & 2013–2014) 2013 Corruption[192]
Mahendra Chaudhry  Fiji Prime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000) 2014 Fraud[193]
Moana Carcasses Kalosil  Vanuatu Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2013–2014) 2015 Bribery[194]
Serge Vohor  Vanuatu Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1995–1998, 2004, 2009 & 2011) 2015 Bribery[195]
Mike Warren  Pitcairn Islands Mayor of Pitcairn Islands (2008–2013) 2016 Child sex abuse[196]
Oscar Temaru  French Polynesia President of French Polynesia (2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009 & 2011–2013) 2019 Fraud[197]
Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō  Tonga Prime Minister of Tonga (2010–2014) 2020 Bribery[198]
Frank Bainimarama  Fiji Prime Minister of Fiji (2007–2022) & President of Fiji (2000, 2006–2007) 2023 Abuse of Office[199]
Peter O'Neill  Papua New Guinea Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2011–2019) 2023 Abuse of Office[200]

South America

[edit]
Portrait Name Countries Official position Later imprisonment Reason
José María Vargas  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1835–1836) 1835 Overthrown. Briefly put into house arrest during the Revolution of the Reforms[201]
José Antonio Páez  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1830–1835) 1849 Prisoner of war
José Gregorio Monagas  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1851–1855) 1858 March Revolution[202]
Julián Castro  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1858–1859) 1859 Overthrown[203]
Francisco I. Madero  Mexico President of Mexico (1911–1913) 1913 Overthrown (executed by firing squad)
Washington Luís  Brazil President of Brazil (1926–1930) 1930 Overthrown[204][205][206]
Isaías Medina Angarita  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1941–1945) 1945 Overthrown[207]
Rómulo Gallegos  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1948) 1948 Overthrown
Café Filho  Brazil President of Brazil (1954–1955) 1955 Attempted coup[208][209][210]
Marcos Pérez Jiménez  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1953–1958) 1963 Corruption[211]
João Goulart  Brazil President of Brazil (1961–1964) 1964 Overthrown
Isabel Perón  Argentina President of Argentina (1974–1976) 1976 Overthrown
Henck Arron  Suriname Prime Minister of Suriname (1975–1980) 1980 Overthrown[212]
Roberto Eduardo Viola  Argentina President of Argentina (1981) 1983 Murder[213]
Leopoldo Galtieri  Argentina President of Argentina (1981–1982) 1986 Mishandling of the Falklands War[214]
Salvador Jorge Blanco  Dominican Republic President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986) 1988 Corruption[215]
Manuel Noriega  Panama President of Panama (1983–1989) 1989 Drug trafficking
Luis García Meza  Bolivia President of Bolivia (1980–1981) 1995 Crimes against humanity[216]
Carlos Andrés Pérez  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1974–1979, 1989–1993) 1996 Corruption
Augusto Pinochet  Chile President of Chile (1974–1990) 1998 Crimes against humanity
Fabián Alarcón  Ecuador President of Ecuador (1997–1998) 1999 Fraud[217]
Hugo Chávez  Venezuela President of Venezuela (1999–2002, 2002–2013) 2002 Attempted coup
Arnoldo Alemán  Nicaragua President of Nicaragua (1997–2002) 2003 Corruption[218]
Errol Alibux  Suriname Prime Minister of Suriname (1983–1984) 2003 Forgery[219][non-primary source needed]
Luis Ángel González Macchi  Paraguay President of Paraguay (1999–2003) 2006 Corruption[220]
Gregorio Conrado Álvarez  Uruguay President of Uruguay (1981–1985) 2007 Crimes against humanity[221]
Alberto Fujimori  Peru President of Peru (1990–2000) 2009 Corruption and human rights violations[222]
Manuel Zelaya  Honduras President of Honduras (2006–2009) 2009 Overthrown
Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier  Costa Rica President of Costa Rica (1990–1994) 2009 Corruption[223]
Reynaldo Bignone  Argentina President of Argentina (1982–1983) 2010 Murder[224]
Jorge Rafael Videla  Argentina President of Argentina (1976–1981) 2010 Murder[225]
Juan María Bordaberry  Uruguay President of Uruguay (1972–1976) 2010 Crimes against humanity[226]
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez  Costa Rica President of Costa Rica (1998–2002) 2011 Corruption[227]
Efraín Ríos Montt  Guatemala President of Guatemala (1982–1983) 2014 Crimes against humanity[228]
Alfonso Portillo  Guatemala President of Guatemala (2000–2004) 2014 Bribery[229]
Jamil Mahuad  Ecuador President of Ecuador (1998–2000) 2014 Corruption[230]
Carlos Menem  Argentina President of Argentina (1989–1999) 2015 Corruption[231]
Otto Pérez Molina  Guatemala President of Guatemala (2010–2015) 2015 Corruption[232]
Gerrit Schotte  Curaçao Prime Minister of Curacao (2010–2012) 2016 Bribery[233]
Ollanta Humala  Peru President of Peru (2011–2016) 2017 Corruption[234]
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  Brazil President of Brazil (2003–2010 & 2023–present) 2017 Corruption[235]
Álvaro Colom  Guatemala President of Guatemala (2008–2012) 2018 Corruption[236]
Antonio Saca  El Salvador President of El Salvador (2004–2009) 2018 Corruption[237]
Alejandro Toledo  Peru President of Peru (2001–2006) 2019 Corruption[238]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski  Peru President of Peru (2016–2018) 2019 Corruption[239]
Michel Temer  Brazil President of Brazil (2016–2018) 2019 Corruption and money laundering[240]
Evo Morales  Bolivia President of Bolivia (2006–2019) 2019 Overthrown
Álvaro Uribe  Colombia President of Colombia (2002–2010) 2020 Bribery and witness tampering[241]
Rafael Correa  Ecuador President of Ecuador (2007–2017) 2020 Corruption
Jeanine Áñez  Bolivia President of Bolivia (2019–2020) 2021 Overthrown[242]
Juan Orlando Hernández  Honduras President of Honduras (2014–2022) 2022 Drug trafficking[243]
Dési Bouterse  Suriname President of Suriname (2010–2020) & Chairman of the National Military Council (1980–1987) 2022 Murder[244]
Pedro Castillo  Peru President of Peru (2021–2022) 2022 Treason, rebellion, and corruption[245]
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner  Argentina President of Argentina (2007–2015) 2022 Fraud[246]
Fernando Collor  Brazil President of Brazil (1990–1992) 2023 Corruption[247]
Alberto Fernandez  Argentina President of Argentina (2019–2023) 2024 Domestic abuse[248]

See also

[edit]

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