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Lesja

Coordinates: 62°12′38″N 8°38′41″E / 62.21056°N 8.64472°E / 62.21056; 8.64472
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the municipality in Innlandet, Norway. For the village inside this municipality, see Lesja (village).
Lesja Municipality
Lesja kommune
Municipality
Lesje herred  (historic name)
View of the Lesja area
View of the Lesja area
Flag of Lesja Municipality
Flag
Coat of arms of Lesja Municipality
Coat of arms
Innlandet within Norway
Innlandet within Norway
Lesja within Innlandet
Lesja within Innlandet
Coordinates: 62°12′38″N 8°38′41″E / 62.21056°N 8.64472°E / 62.21056; 8.64472
CountryNorway
CountyInnlandet
DistrictGudbrandsdal
Established1 Jan 1838
 • Created asFormannskapsdistrikt
Administrative centreLesja
Government
 • Mayor (2015)Mariann Skotte (Sp)
Area
 • Total2,259.50 km2 (872.40 sq mi)
 • Land2,168.92 km2 (837.42 sq mi)
 • Water90.57 km2 (34.97 sq mi)  4%
 • Rank#25 in Norway
Population
 (2023)
 • Total1,966
 • Rank#282 in Norway
 • Density0.9/km2 (2/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
Decrease −8.3%
DemonymLesjing[1]
Official language
[2]
 • Norwegian formNeutral
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-3432[3]
WebsiteOfficial website
Data from Statistics Norway

Lesja is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lesja. Other villages in the municipality include Bjorli, Lesjaskog, Lesjaverk, and Lora.

Lesja is located in the northwestern edge of Innlandet county. It is bordered in the north by the municipalities of Molde and Sunndal (in Møre og Romsdal county) and Oppdal (in Trøndelag county). It is bordered to the east by the municipality of Dovre; in the south by Vågå and Lom municipalities; in the southwest by the municipality of Skjåk; and to the west by Rauma municipality.

The 2,260-square-kilometre (870 sq mi) municipality is the 25th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lesja is the 282nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,966. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.3% over the previous 10-year period.[4][5]

General information

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The parish of Lesje was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In 1863, the eastern part of the municipality (population: 2,537) was separated to become the new municipality of Dovre. This left Lesja with 3,666 residents.[6]

Name

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The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Lesja farm (Old Norse: Lesjar) since the first Lesja Church was built there. There are two different interpretations of the meaning of the name. It might derive from læs meaning "pasture", or it is a shortened version of Leirsjøar meaning "muddy lakes", referring to two relatively large and shallow lakes which occupied the valley bottom until the late 19th century, when both lakes were drained in order to gain more farmland.[7] Historically, the name of the municipality was spelled Lesje. On 3 November 1917, a royal resolution changed the spelling of the name of the municipality to Lesja.[8]

Coat of arms

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The coat of arms was granted on 23 January 1987. The official blazon is "Per fess argent and azure, a pile issuant from the base" (Norwegian: På sølv grunn blå skjoldfot med spiss oppover). This means the arms have are divided with a line that is horizontal with a triangle point upwards in the middle. The field (background) below the line has a tincture of blue. Above the line, the field has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The design is meant to represent the spire of Lesja Church, which sits on a hill and its roof line and spire are visible from far away. The arms were designed by Einar H. Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

Churches

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The Church of Norway has one parish (sokn) within the municipality of Lesja. It is part of the Nord-Gudbrandsdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar.

Churches in Lesja
Parish (sokn) Church name Location of the church Year built
Lesja og Lesjaskog Lesja Church Lesja 1749
Lesjaskog Church Lesjaskog 1697
Lesjaverk Church Lesjaverk 1964

Geography

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Lesja is highly mountainous, and lies on the east–west watershed, with the lake Lesjaskogsvatnet draining both west to the Rauma river and east to the Gudbrandsdalslågen river. The largest part (82%) of the municipal area is over 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level, with the highest mountain peaks reaching above an elevation of 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) in the northeast. The most populated areas lie between 500 and 650 metres (1,640 and 2,130 ft) along the Gudbrandsdalslågen river and highway E136. Abundant summer farms (seter or sæter) are situated close to the treeline, both in the main valley and its tributaries. The summer farms were of major importance for farming until recently, but today only few are used in the traditional way, and mainly as grounds for grazing dairy cattle and sheep. More than 400 lakes are situated within the municipality, mainly above treeline, including the lake Aursjøen. The Norwegian trout is common both in lakes and rivers, even in lakes above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above sea level. The landscape is hummocky in general, and owes its appearance mainly to erosion by the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the last glacial period.

Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park

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Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park was founded in 2002 and encompasses part of the former Dovre National Park area, as founded in 1974. It is 1,693 square kilometres (654 sq mi) encompassing areas in Lesja and Dovre in Innlandet as well as areas in Trøndelag and Møre og Romsdal. It includes the Dovrefjell mountain range.

Mountain in Lesja municipality, Dovrefjell mountain massif, in Central Norway.

Economy

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The municipality is primarily agricultural. Recent censuses show over 40% of the residents in the community are in farming.

Rail service is provided by the Rauma Line, connecting with the Dovre Line at Dombås in Dovre and extending to the terminus in Åndalsnes on the fjord in Møre og Romsdal County.

Lesja is located in a mountain region, comprising the south-westerly portion of the Dovrefjell range. It is the site of the Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park, lies just north of Jotunheimen National Park and lies just west of Rondane National Park, so tourism and outdoor sports such as skiing are also important. The Bjorli ski area lies in Lesja.

Government

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Lesja Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[12] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Østre Innlandet District Court and the Eidsivating Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

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The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Lesja is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Lesja kommunestyre 2023–2027 [13]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
Total number of members:17
Lesja kommunestyre 2019–2023 [14]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
Total number of members:17
Lesja kommunestyre 2015–2019 [15][16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
Total number of members:17
Lesja kommunestyre 2011–2015 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 2007–2011 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 11
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Local list (Bygdalista)1
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 2003–2007 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 12
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Local list (Bygdalista)1
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1999–2003 [16][18]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Local list (Bygdelista)2
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1995–1999 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
 Local list (Bygdalista)3
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1991–1995 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 6
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
 Local list (Bygdalista)5
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1987–1991 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1983–1987 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 7
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 1
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1979–1983 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 8
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1975–1979 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
 Non-party and free voters list (Upolitiske og Frie velgere)2
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1971–1975 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 3
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1967–1971 [26]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 9
  Local List(s) (Lokale lister) 5
Total number of members:21
Lesja kommunestyre 1963–1967 [27]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
Total number of members:21
Lesja herredsstyre 1959–1963 [28]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 10
Total number of members:21
Lesja herredsstyre 1955–1959 [29]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 1
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 10
Total number of members:21
Lesja herredsstyre 1951–1955 [30]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 14
Total number of members:24
Lesja herredsstyre 1947–1951 [31]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 9
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 9
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 6
Total number of members:24
Lesja herredsstyre 1945–1947 [32]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 10
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 7
  Joint list of the Liberal Party (Venstre) and the Radical People's Party (Radikale Folkepartiet) 2
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 5
Total number of members:24
Lesja herredsstyre 1937–1940* [33]  
Party name (in Norwegian) Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Farmers' Party (Bondepartiet) 10
  Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) 6
Total number of members:24
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945.

Mayors

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The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Lesja:[34]

  • 1838-1849: Johannes Tøndevold
  • 1850-1853: Peder Skotte
  • 1854-1855: Syver Hogsvold
  • 1856-1863: H.G. Kolstad
  • 1864-1867: Syver Hogsvold
  • 1868-1871: Peder Bj. Holager
  • 1872-1873: Syver Hogsvold
  • 1874-1877: H.H. Hatrem
  • 1878-1879: Peder Bj. Holager
  • 1880-1883: Per Kolstad
  • 1884-1885: H.H. Hatrem
  • 1886-1887: Peder Bj. Holager
  • 1888-1889: H.H. Hatrem
  • 1890-1891: Peder Bj. Holager
  • 1892-1901: A. Norderhus
  • 1902-1913: Ole Rolstad (Bp)
  • 1914-1916: Ole Ekre (Bp)
  • 1917-1919: Ole Rolstad (Bp)
  • 1920-1922: Ole Ekre (Bp)
  • 1923-1925: Ole Rolstad (Bp)
  • 1926-1928: Ole Ekre (Bp)
  • 1929-1937: Sigvart Jordhøy (Bp)
  • 1938-1947: John Bottheim (Bp)
  • 1947-1955: Ola O. Mølmen (Bp)
  • 1956-1959: Sverre J. Botheim (Sp)
  • 1960-1963: Ola O. Mølmen (Sp)
  • 1964-1967: Sverre J. Botheim (Sp)
  • 1968-1969: Ola O. Mølmen (Sp)
  • 1970-1971: Andreas Mølmen (Heile Lesja)
  • 1972-1975: Karl Stålaker (Sp)
  • 1976-1987: Jo Nordahl Botheim (Sp)
  • 1988-1991: Osvald Haugbotn (Sp)
  • 1992-1999: Jo N. Bottheim (Sp)
  • 1999-2011: Per Dag Hole (Sp)
  • 2011-2015: Steinar Tronhus (Ap)
  • 2015–present: Mariann Skotte (Sp)

History

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Number of minorities (1st and 2nd generation) in Lesja by country of origin in 2017[35]
Ancestry Number
 Poland 41
 Lithuania 34
 Somalia 16

Since it is located on a pass providing access to the Gudbrandsdalen, Lesja lies on an important trade route used in prehistoric times.

Earliest recorded history

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The area is first mentioned in the written chronicle of the Heimskringla (The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway) by Snorri Sturluson. The account of King Olaf's (A.D. 1015–1021) conversion of Dale-Gudbrand to Christianity is popularly recognized. King Olaf's success was short-lived, for in 1029 the Norwegian nobles, seething with discontent, rallied round the invading Knut the Great, and Olaf had to flee. To avoid engaging a fleet of 25 ships, 400 of King Olav's men and 100 loyal peasant farmers from Romsdal built a road up from the Romsdalfjord which passed through the area that became known as Lesjaverk. His men fled along this road and across Gudbrandsdal. There he was not warmly received since he had killed King Thorer of Gudbrandsdal, so he went on to Hedmark. From there he proceeded to Sweden and on to Russia. On his return a year later he fell at the Battle of Stiklestad.[36]

Lesjaverk (The Lesja iron works)

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The Lesja Ironwork, Norway, main building as it would have looked around 1752. The illustration by Professor Johan Meyer dates from 1910.

Iron smelting is recorded in Lesja municipality at Lesjaverk (Lesja Iron Works) as early as 1614, when King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway authorized the Romsdal Market at Devold on the Rauma river 4 miles upstream of Åndalsnes. With this change, Molde assumed the role as principal market town for Romsdal formerly held by Veøy. This change was made to provide the ironworkers at Lesjaverk with a convenient outlet for their products as well as providing them a market to purchases goods and food supplies such as stockfish and grain.[37]

Art and culture

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Jakob Bersveinson Klukstad (1710 to 1773), who was born in Lom spent most of his career on Klukstad farm in Lesja. Klukstad was the foremost Norwegian sculptor and painter of his generation. His work can still be seen in churches at Lesja, Skjåk, and Heidal.[38]

Emigration from Lesja

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The Lesja area in the Gudbrandsdal was source of numerous emigrants to America. According to Du Chaillu, "...during the great famine of 1867; a year memorable in the annals of Northern Europe, when, in consequence of an early and heavy frost in summer, the crops were destroyed, and desolation and death spread over vast districts. The lichen and the bark of the birch tree, mixed with a little flour, became the food of the people after the cattle had been eaten up and nothing else was left. The year following a strong tide of emigration set out for America."[39]

World War 2

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After the German invasion of April 1940, while King Haakon and the Norwegian government were moving from Elverum to the west coast, the King and Crown Prince Olaf arrived in Otta on the night of April 13. The prime minister and his colleagues, who were then in Lesja, were summoned and a communiqué, ending "God save Norway," and urging resistance to the unprovoked attack was issued. They now intended to relocate to the west coast, but the Germans had dropped paratroopers higher in the Gudbrandsdalen, at Dombås, cutting off the rail route. It was not until the evening of the 21st that the King was able to travel by road from Otta to Lesja on the east–west watershed and then down the narrow Romsdal to Åndalsnes.[40]

During the war a British fighter squadron (flying 'Gloster Gladiators') flew from the icebound surface of lake Lesjaskogsvatnet. No. 263 Squadron RAF operated with 18 Gloster Gladiator biplane fighters in late April 1940 as part of the Norwegian Campaign.[41]

Notable people

[edit]
Christen Henriksen Pram, 1886
Tora Berger, 2006

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
  2. ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
  3. ^ Bolstad, Erik; Thorsnæs, Geir, eds. (26 January 2023). "Kommunenummer". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
  4. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (2022). "Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M)" (in Norwegian).
  5. ^ Statistisk sentralbyrå (2022). "09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M)" (in Norwegian).
  6. ^ Jukvam, Dag (1999). "Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Statistisk sentralbyrå. ISBN 9788253746845.
  7. ^ Rygh, Oluf (1900). Norske gaardnavne: Kristians amt (in Norwegian) (4 ed.). Kristiania, Norge: W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri. p. 14.
  8. ^ "Norsk Lovtidende. 2den Afdeling. 1917. Samling af Love, Resolutioner m.m". Norsk Lovtidend (in Norwegian). Kristiania, Norge: Grøndahl og Søns Boktrykkeri: 1057–1065. 1917.
  9. ^ "Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  10. ^ "Godkjenning av våpen og flagg". Lovdata.no (in Norwegian). Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet. 23 January 1987. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  11. ^ "Lesja, Oppland (Norway)". Flags of the World. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  12. ^ Hansen, Tore; Vabo, Signy Irene, eds. (20 September 2022). "kommunestyre". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Innlandet". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2019 - Innlandet". Valgdirektoratet. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  15. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2015 - Hedmark". Valgdirektoratet.
  16. ^ a b c d "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
  17. ^ "Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Hedmark". Valgdirektoratet.
  18. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1999" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2000.
  19. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1995" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1996.
  20. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1991" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1993.
  21. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1987" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1988.
  22. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1983" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1984.
  23. ^ "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979.
  24. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1975" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1977.
  25. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1972" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1973.
  26. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1967" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1967.
  27. ^ "Kommunevalgene 1963" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1964.
  28. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1960.
  29. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1957.
  30. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1952.
  31. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1948.
  32. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1947.
  33. ^ "Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1938.
  34. ^ Einbu, Sigurd; Skotte, Ola (1949). Lesja : litt frå den kommunale soga 1838-1938, og ymse anna (in Norwegian).
  35. ^ "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  36. ^ Heimskringla by Snorri Sturluson
  37. ^ Stagg, Frank Noel (1953). The Heart of Norway. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. ISBN none.
  38. ^ Årsskrift for Lesja historielag [The yearbook for the Lesja Historical Association] (in Norwegian). Lesja, Norge: Lesja historielag. 2000.
  39. ^ Du Chaillu, Paul B. (1899). The Land Of The Midnight Sun. London: George Newnes, Limited. p. 123.
  40. ^ Greve, Tim; Kingston Derry, Thomas (1983). Haakon VII of Norway: The Man & the Monarch. Hippocrene Books, Inc. ISBN 978-0-88254-812-8.
  41. ^ Kersaudy, François (1987). Norway 1940. St. Martin's Press, New York. ISBN 0-312-06427-6.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Stagg, Frank Noel (1956). East Norway and its Frontier. London: George Allen and Unwin.
  • Kleiven, Ivar (1923). Gamal Bondekultur i Gudbrandsdalen: Lesja og Dovre (in Norwegian). Aschehoug.
  • Einbu, Per; Kjelland, Arnfinn (1988). Setrane i Lesja - i teikning og teks [Manors in Lesja - in drawings and text]. p. 256. ISBN 9788290795073.
  • Kjelland, Arnfin (1987). Bygdebok for Lesja bd 1. Gards- og slektshistorie for Lesjaskogen [Rural district for Lesja 1. Farm and genealogical history of Lesja woods] (in Norwegian). p. 634.
  • Kjelland, Arnfin (1992). Bygdebok for Lesja bd 2. Gards- og slektshistorie for nørdre del av Lesja hovudsokn. p. 736.
  • Kjelland, Arnfin (1996). Bygdebok for Lesja bd 3. Gards- og slektshistorie for søre del av Lesja hovudsokn. p. 800.
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