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Slovenian National Party

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Slovenian National Party
Slovenska nacionalna stranka
LeaderZmago Jelinčič Plemeniti
Founded17 March 1991
HeadquartersTivolska 13, Ljubljana
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing[5][6][7] to
far-right[8][9][10][11]
European affiliationAlliance of European National Movements[12]
Colours  Black and   yellow
National Assembly
0 / 90
Municipality mayors
0 / 212
Municipal council
3 / 2,750
Website
sns.si

The Slovenian National Party (Slovene: Slovenska Nacionalna Stranka, SNS) is a nationalist[13] political party in Slovenia led by Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti. The party is known for its Euroscepticism and opposes Slovenia's membership in NATO.[14][15] It also engages in what many consider to be historical negationism of events in Slovenia during World War II.[16]

History

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The party was founded on 17 March 1991 by Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti, who remains the party's leader.[17][18] The traditional 19th-century Kozler map of United Slovenia is one of the official party symbols.[17]

In 1993, dissenting factions broke from the party and formed the Slovenian National Right and the National Party of Labor. Many of the dissenting members were supporters of Slovene Home Guard and objected to Jelinčič's support of the Slovene Partisans.[17] Another split occurred in 2008, when several Slovenian National Party MPs left the party and formed the party Lipa.[19] These splits did not seriously affect the party's structure, even though the ideologies of both SNS MPs and the party's membership tend to sometimes differ from Jelinčič's stands.[citation needed]

In the second democratic elections in Slovenia on 6 and 10 December 1992, the SNS received 10.2% of the vote and 12 of the 90 seats in parliament.[20] On 10 November 1996, their share of the vote declined to 3.22% and the party won 4 seats.[21] On 15 October 2000, the party's vote share increased to 4.38% and its seats in parliament remained steady at 4.[22] In the 2002 presidential election, SNS leader Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti received 8.49% of the vote, placing third.[23] On 3 October 2004, the party's share of the vote increased to 6.27% and the party won 6 seats in parliament.[24] The party's share of the vote increased to 4.0% in the 2014 European parliamentary election compared to the previous European elections, but it did not win any seats.[25]

In the 2007 presidential election, Jelinčič increased his share to 19.16% of the vote, but placed fourth.[26] In Slovenian legislative elections on 21 September 2008, the party's share of the vote declined to 5.4% and its seats in parliament dropped to 5.[27] The party's vote share dropped to 2.9% in the 2009 European parliamentary election.[28] In the Slovenian parliamentary election on 4 December 2011, the party received 1.80% of votes and lost its representation in parliament as it did not reach the parliamentary threshold of 4%.[29] In the Slovenian parliamentary election on 13 July 2014, the party received 2.21% of votes, but did not win any parliamentary seats.[30] It receives support from various strands of society and has traditionally done well among young voters and residents of the regions near the Italian and Austrian borders.[31]

On 9 March 2016, Jelinčič and Vojislav Šešelj, president of the Serbian Radical Party, signed an agreement to bring their parties closer in terms of partnership and political alliance.[32]

In July 2020, the party reached a cooperation agreement with the 14th Government of Slovenia.[33]

Ideology and platform

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The party's ideology has been strongly anti-clerical and has advocated a firm laicist position.[17] The party is also opposed to LGBT rights.[34] The party opposes the privatisation of state-owned enterprises.[35] The party opposes introducing a property tax[35] and supports an increase in the minimum wage.[36] The party has called for a change of the national flag and the coat of arms, feeling that they utilize symbols used by certain World War II paramilitary groups and lack a distinctly Slovenian historical character.[37] It shows sympathy for the Slovenian resistance to fascism and for the former Yugoslav communist regime of Tito.[16] The party supports replacing judges' lifetime mandate with an eight-year term.[38] The party is opposed to Slovenia's membership the European Union and NATO.[14][15]

Its leaders have been accused of chauvinist and even racist attitudes towards certain minorities, particularly Slovenia's Romani population.[13][17] In the early 1990s, the party campaigned against allowing refugees from former Yugoslav republics into the country.[31] The party has since moderated its rhetoric,[17] although its leaders continue to voice strongly anti-Croat positions.[16] Among other things, Jelinčič has proposed that four disputed villages; Bužini, Mlini, Škodelini and Škrile, be placed within the municipality of Piran to participate in Slovenian elections.[39] He also advocates improving relations with Serbia and has opposed the independence of Kosovo.[40] The SNS frequently demands better treatment of Slovene minorities in neighboring countries.[41]

Although the party usually refuses to position itself within a left–right political spectrum, its president Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti defined himself as leftist in a 2000 interview for the magazine Mladina.[42] However, the descriptions others have given the party range from left-wing[13][43] to far-right,[8][9] including right-wing.[5][6][7] According to researchers at the University of Ljubljana, the SNS combines elements of right-wing and left-wing ideology and is not strictly a left-wing, nor a right-wing party, but nevertheless leans closer to the left.[43] The party has only participated in one governing coalition, with the conservative Slovenian Democratic Party during the third Janša premiership of 2020-2022. Over the years, the SNS has supported a combination of typically leftist economic policies (such as opposing privatization of key national enterprises) and right-wing social views, explaining the wide variance in its placement within the political spectrum.[citation needed]

Parliamentary representation

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Electoral results

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National Assembly

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Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Government
1992 Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti 119,091 10.02 (#4)
12 / 90
 Increase 12 Opposition
1996 34,422 3.22 (#7)
4 / 90
 Decrease 8 Opposition
2000 47,214 4.39 (#7)
4 / 90
 Steady 0 Opposition
2004 60,750 6.27 (#6)
6 / 90
 Increase 2 Opposition
2008 56,832 5.40 (#5)
5 / 90
 Decrease 1 Opposition
2011 19,786 1.80 (#8)
0 / 90
 Decrease 5 Extra-parliamentary
2014 19,218 2.20 (#10)
0 / 90
 Steady 0 Extra-parliamentary
2018 37,182 4.17 (#9)
4 / 90
 Increase 4 Opposition 2018–20
Support 2020–22
2022 17,736 1.49 (#14)
0 / 90
 Decrease 4 Extra-parliamentary

Presidential

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Election Candidate 1st round 2nd round Result
Votes % Votes %
2002 Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti 97,178 8.49 Lost
2007 Zmago Jelinčič Plemeniti 188,951 19.16 Lost

European Parliament

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Election Votes % Seats +/–
2004 21,883 5.0 (#6)
0 / 7
2009 13,227 2.8 (#8)
0 / 8
 Steady
2014 16,210 4.0 (#9)
0 / 8
 Steady
2019 18,926 4.0 (#8)
0 / 8
 Steady

References

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  1. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Slovenia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
  2. ^ Muś, Jan (April 2021). Slovenia: uncertain future of the Janez Janša's government. Lublin: Institute for Central Europe. p. 1. ISSN 2657-6996.
  3. ^ Maver, Aleš; Urbas, Uroš (November 2011). Realignment of the party system – Slovenia before the elections. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Foundation. p. 2. ISBN 978-3-86872-988-7.
  4. ^ Blake, Jason (2011). Slovenia. London: Kuperard. ISBN 978-1-85733-601-6. OCLC 794225594.
  5. ^ a b "Slovénie - Élections législatives 2004". perspective.usherbrooke.ca (in French). Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  6. ^ a b Charles Nonne (17 September 2014). "Slovénie. Une instabilité politique chronique". La Documentation française (in French). Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  7. ^ a b Alexei Monroe (2005). LAIBACH The interrogation Machine (in French). CAMION BLANC. p. 554. ISBN 9782357795181.
  8. ^ a b Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010), Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared, Ashgate Publishing, p. 199, ISBN 9780754678403, retrieved 14 November 2011
  9. ^ a b Deloy, Corinne (2011), "The Rightwing Opposition Forces forecast to win in the Slovenian General Elections on 4th December next" (PDF), European Elections Monitor, Fondation Robert Schuman: 2, retrieved 14 November 2011
  10. ^ "Slovenia voted on Sunday. Is an anti-immigrant government on the way?".
  11. ^ "Slovenian nationalist party set for power after winning election".
  12. ^ "AEMN – SNS – Slovenska nacionalna stranka". Archived from the original on 30 January 2019.
  13. ^ a b c Rizman, Rudolf M. (1999), "Radical Right Politics in Slovenia", The Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe Since 1989, Penn State Press, pp. 152–155, ISBN 0271043792, retrieved 3 June 2018
  14. ^ a b Krupnick, Charles (2003). Almost NATO: Partners and Players in Central and Eastern European Security. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 98. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  15. ^ a b Aarebrot, Berglund, Sten; Ekman, Joakim; Frank H. (2004). The Handbook of Political Change in Eastern Europe. Edward Elgar. p. 342. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  16. ^ a b c "All Politicians In Croatia Are Animals". Dalje.com. 20 January 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2014. Archived 6 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ a b c d e f Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Psychology Press. p. 227. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  18. ^ Columbus, Frank H. (1998). Central and Eastern Europe in Transition, Volume 1. Nova Publishers. p. 61. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  19. ^ "Danes ustanovitev stranke Lipa". Finance.si. 1 March 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  20. ^ "Slovenia Parliamentary Chamber: Drzavni Zbor Republike Slovenije - Elections Held in 1992". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  21. ^ "Slovenia Parliamentary Chamber: Drzavni Zbor Republike Slovenije - Elections Held in 1996". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  22. ^ "Slovenia Parliamentary Chamber: Drzavni Zbor Republike Slovenije - Elections Held in 2000". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  23. ^ "Dataset: Slovenia: Presidential Election 2002 - round 1". European Election Database. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  24. ^ "Elections in 2004". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  25. ^ "Volitve V Evropski Parlament 2014" (in Slovenian). Republika Slovenija. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  26. ^ "Slovenia: Presidential Election 2007 - round 1". European Election Database. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  27. ^ "Drzavni Zbor (National Assembly) - Elections in 2008". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  28. ^ "Dataset: Slovenia: European Parliament Election 2009". European Election Database. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  29. ^ "Republic of Slovenia Early Elections for Deputies to the National Assembly 2011: Election results". National Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  30. ^ "Predčasne Volitve V Državni Zbor 2014" (in Slovenian). Republika Slovenija - Državna volilna komisija. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  31. ^ a b Bugajski, Janusz (1994). Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties. M.E. Sharpe. p. 86. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  32. ^ "Повеља о сарадњи СРС-а и Словеначке националне странке" (in Serbian). RTS. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  33. ^ Novak, Marja (3 July 2020). "Slovenia's ruling coalition agrees cooperation with opposition". Reuters. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  34. ^ Roškarič, Tomi (2 January 2005). "Istospolne »poroke« v luči novega parlamenta" ("Same-sex "marriage" in light of the new parliament") (in Slovenian). Družina. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  35. ^ a b "Finance". Aktualizirana Programska Izhodišča Slovenske Nacionalne Stranke Pred Volitvami V Državni Zbor Republike Slovenije 2014 (in Slovenian). p. 2. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  36. ^ "Social". Aktualizirana Programska Izhodišča Slovenske Nacionalne Stranke Pred Volitvami V Državni Zbor Republike Slovenije 2014 (in Slovenian). p. 4. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  37. ^ "Intervju sa Zmagom Jelincicem, predsjednikom Slovenske nacionalne stranke: Slovenci so Okupirani v Lastni Drzavi" (23 January 1994) (in Slovenian). Alternativna Infomativna Mreža. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  38. ^ "Pravosodje". Aktualizirana Programska Izhodišča Slovenske Nacionalne Stranke Pred Volitvami V Državni Zbor Republike Slovenije 2014 (in Slovenian). p. 13. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  39. ^ "Early works of young Jelincic: Political Fishermen and Fishing Politicians" (17 October 1994). Alternativna Infomativna Mreža. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  40. ^ "Slovenian party opposes Kosovo independence" (7 February 2008). Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  41. ^ "Slowenische Partei ruft Menschenrechtsgericht zu Verbot der BZÖ" (28 February 2006) (in German). Der Standard. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
  42. ^ "Stranke na robu" (2 October 2000) (in Slovenian). Mladina. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  43. ^ a b Kovačič, Marej; Hlebec, Valentina; Kropivnik, Samo (2002). Perception of Slovenian Political Parties: A Network Approach. In Metodološki zvezki. No. 17. Ljubljana. FDV. p. 227−228. Available at "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2004. Retrieved 23 December 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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