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Tyneham

Coordinates: 50°37′23″N 2°10′08″W / 50.623°N 2.169°W / 50.623; -2.169
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Tyneham
Tyneham St Mary's Church – 2009
Tyneham is located in Dorset
Tyneham
Tyneham
Location within Dorset
Population0 (2001 Census)
OS grid referenceSY885805
Civil parish
Unitary authority
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWAREHAM
Postcode districtBH20
PoliceDorset
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Dorset
50°37′23″N 2°10′08″W / 50.623°N 2.169°W / 50.623; -2.169

Tyneham is a ghost village abandoned in 1943 and former civil parish, now in the parish of Steeple with Tyneham, in the Dorset district, in the south of Dorset, England, near Lulworth on the Isle of Purbeck. In 2001 the civil parish had a population of 0. The civil parish was abolished on 1 April 2014 and merged with Steeple to form Steeple with Tyneham.[1]

Location

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Gardener's House

The village is situated northeast of Worbarrow Bay on the Jurassic Coast, about 3.7 miles (6.0 km) south of Wareham and about 9.9 miles (15.9 km) west of Swanage. The village lies in a secluded east–west valley between two ridges of the Purbeck Hills. To the north is the main ridge with Povington Hill (191 m; 627 ft) and its highest point, Ridgeway Hill (199 m; 653 ft). To the south is the ridge above Gad Cliff that runs from the headland of Worbarrow Tout in the west to the knoll of Tyneham Cap (167 m; 548 ft) in the east.[2]

Access

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Tyneham is only accessible when the Lulworth Ranges are open to the public. The military firing ranges are owned by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and are part of the Armoured Fighting Vehicles Gunnery School. Safety warnings about explosives and unexploded shells are posted at Mupe Bay by the MoD: visitors are advised to keep to official footpaths and observe local site notices because tanks and armoured vehicles are used in this area.[3]

History

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The parish includes evidence of occupation dating back to Iron Age Britain; there are more than 30 barrows in the area, although most have been damaged by shelling. Proof of Roman occupation has also been found in the valley around Tyneham and there were salt-boiling, shale-turning and Purbeck Marble industries at Worbarrow Bay. South of the chalk ridge are remains of a medieval settlement and strip fields.[4]

It seems that it was once the possession of Robert, Count of Mortain, the half-brother of William I of England. The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Tigeham, meaning "goat enclosure". A century later, the village was known as Tiham and only in later times as Tyneham. The limestone church of St Mary dates from at least the 15th century,[4] and Tyneham House was built by Henry Williams between 1563 and 1583.[5]

In 1683 Nathaniel Bond (1634–1707) of Lutton acquired Tyneham from the Williams family. He also bought Creech Grange in 1691[6] and the family still hold their Purbeck estates. Tyneham school was established by the Reverend Nathaniel Bond (1804–89) in 1860. It was later declared as property of the rectory and was closed in 1932 due to lack of pupils.

The village and 7,500 acres (30 km2) of surrounding heathland and chalk downland around the Purbeck Hills were requisitioned just before Christmas 1943 by the then War Office (now MoD) for use as firing ranges for training troops.[7] 225 people were displaced,[8] the last person leaving a notice on the church door:

Please treat the church and houses with care; we have given up our homes where many of us lived for generations to help win the war to keep men free. We shall return one day and thank you for treating the village kindly.[9]

This measure was supposed to be temporary for the duration of World War II, but in 1948 the Army placed a compulsory purchase order on the land and it has remained in use for military training ever since.[10] Although littered with scrap used as targets and subject to regular shelling, the land has become a haven for wildlife as it has been free from farming and development. In 1975, after complaints from tourists and locals, the Ministry of Defence began opening the village and footpaths across the ranges at weekends and throughout August.

Many of the village buildings have fallen into disrepair or have been damaged by shelling. In 1967, most of the manor house, with parts that dated back to the 14th century, was pulled down by the then Ministry of Works. The building's east front was reconstructed at Athelhampton, with smaller parts moved to Melcombe Horsey and Bingham's Melcombe. The church of St Mary, however, remains largely intact; it has a stained-glass window by Martin Travers and memorials to the Bond family, but the 17th century pulpit was moved to Lulworth Camp and the plate to Kimmeridge.[4] The church and school house have since been preserved as museums.[9] The church, school and drinking fountain are all grade II listed buildings.[11][12][13] In 2008, Tyneham Farm was reopened to the public and conservation work there is ongoing.[14]

Film and literature

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In 1985 the village was used for the filming of Comrades, which depicts the story of the Tolpuddle Martyrs. The church had a fibreglass tower and large additional gravestones and Post Office Row was fronted with fibreglass cottages.[9] During the filming Tyneham's original 1929 K1 Mark 236 telephone kiosk was destroyed and the film company sourced a replacement.[15]

The village is the setting for the climax to the comic-thriller Angel's Share by Mike Ripley (2006).[16]

Tyneham is featured in episode 5 of the first season of Life After People, "The Invaders", in which its existence as a settlement suddenly abandoned by its residents is examined.

The village is the setting for the novel The Forgotten Village by Lorna Cook (2019).[17]

The history of the village is the premise for the novel, This Ruined Place (originally published for young adults as Juby's Rook) by Michael Lawrence (2023).

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  • Worbarrow Bay and Mupe Rocks behind a ruined house
    Worbarrow Bay and Mupe Rocks behind a ruined house
  • Tyneham St Mary's Church - south transept
    Tyneham St Mary's Church - south transept
  • Tyneham School House
    Tyneham School House
  • Tyneham houses - the shepherd's house, Post Office and telephone box
    Tyneham houses - the shepherd's house, Post Office and telephone box

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "The Purbeck District Council (Reorganisation of Community Governance) Order 2014" (PDF). Lgbce. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  2. ^ Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map series no. 195, 2015
  3. ^ Ministry of Defence (2003). "Safety and access restrictions: Lulworth ranges". Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Newman, John; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1993). The Buildings of England - Dorset (5th ed.). London, England: Penguin Books. pp. 431–432. ISBN 0-14-071044-2.
  5. ^ "Tyneham House". tynehamopc.org.uk. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  6. ^ Ferris, John (2004). "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2830. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  7. ^ "Dorset's Lost Village". Weymouth-Dorset.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  8. ^ Tyneham & Worbarrow – As time passed by... Archived 29 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 29 June 2014
  9. ^ a b c "Tyneham – Dorset's ghost village". BBC. 2008. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
  10. ^ Wright, Patrick (2002). The Village That Died for England: The Strange Story of Tyneham. Faber & Faber, Limited. ISBN 978-0-571-21441-9.
  11. ^ "Church of St Mary, Steeple with Tyneham - 1470442 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  12. ^ "Former National School, Steeple with Tyneham - 1470431 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  13. ^ "Drinking fountain, 17m south-east of the Church of St Mary, Steeple with Tyneham - 1473377 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  14. ^ "Tyneham Farm - Tyneham: Where time stopped in 1943". Tyneham. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  15. ^ Tyneham & Worbarrow Archived 30 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, tynehamopc.org.uk; retrieved 29 June 2014.
  16. ^ "Tyneham Ghost Village". inDorset. 3 July 2019. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  17. ^ "The Forgotten Village by Lorna Cook". www.fantasticfiction.com. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
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